Aesthetic method of biologoical structure treatment by magnetic field

ABSTRACT

Methods for treating a patient using time varying magnetic field are described. The treatment methods combine various approaches for aesthetic treatment. The methods are focused on enhancing a visual appearance of the patient. In one embodiment, the method is performed by switching on a device which includes a connection to an energy source, an energy storage device, a switching device and a magnetic field generating device including a core, and applying a time-varying field with a maximal value of magnetic flux density derivative of at least 300 T/s to a muscle of the patient. The diameter of the core is up to 80% of an outer diameter of the magnetic field generating device.

PRIORITY CLAIM

This Application is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/446,951 filed Mar. 1, 2017 and now pending; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/396,073 filed Dec. 30, 2016 and now pending; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/178,455 filed Jun. 9, 2016 and now pending; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/151,012 filed May 10, 2016 and now pending; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/099,274 filed Apr. 14, 2016 and now pending; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/073,318 filed Mar. 17, 2016 and now pending; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/951,093 filed Nov. 24, 2015 and now abandoned; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/926,365 filed Oct. 29, 2015 and now abandoned; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/789,156 filed Jul. 1, 2015 and now pending; which is a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/789,658 filed Jul. 1, 2015 and now U.S. Pat. No. 9,636,519. This application is also a Continuation-in-Part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/404,384 filed Jan. 12, 2017, now pending.

These applications are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to methods using the influence of magnetic and induced electric field on biological structure. The magnetic field is time-varying and high powered therefore the method is based on a value of magnetic flux density sufficient to induce at least partial muscle contraction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Aesthetic medicine includes all treatments resulting in enhancing a visual appearance and satisfaction of the patient. Patients want to minimize all imperfections including body shape and effects of natural aging. Indeed, patients request quick, non-invasive procedures providing satisfactory results with minimal risks.

The most common methods used for non-invasive aesthetic applications are based on application of mechanical waves, e.g. ultrasound or shock wave therapy; or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radiofrequency treatment or light treatment, such as intense pulsed light or laser treatment. The effect of mechanical waves on tissue is based especially on cavitation, vibration and/or heat inducing effects. The effect of applications using electromagnetic waves is based especially on heat production in the biological structure. However the currently used treatment methods are used separately.

A mechanical treatment using mechanical waves and/or pressure were used for treatment of cellulite or adipose cells. However, mechanical treatment includes several drawbacks such as risk of a panniculitis and/or non-homogenous result.

A thermal treatment is applied to the patient for enhancing a visual appearance of the skin by e.g. increasing production of collagen and/or elastin, smoothing the skin or reduction of cellulite and/or adipose cell. However, thermal treatment includes several drawbacks such as risk of overheating a patient or even causing a thermal damage to the patient, risk of a panniculitis and/or non-homogenous result.

The mechanical and/or the thermal treatment are not able to provide enhanced visual appearance of a muscle, e.g. muscle shaping, toning and/or volumization effect. Mechanical treatment and/or the thermal treatment include several drawbacks such as risk of a panniculitis, non-homogenous result and others.

Current magnetic methods are limited in key parameters which does not allow satisfactory enhancement of visual appearance. As a result, new methods are needed to enhance the visual appearance of the patient.

Existing devices have low efficiency and they waste energy, which limits their use. Eddy currents induced within the coil create engineering challenges. Existing devices contain coils which are made of metallic strips, electric wires or hollow conductors. Since the therapy requires large currents, significant losses are caused by induced eddy currents within the coil. Eddy currents lead to production of unwanted heat and therefore there is need to sufficiently cool the coil. Also, the energy source must be protected during reverse polarity of resonance. This requires using protective circuits which consume significant amounts of energy. Skin tissue is composed of three basic elements: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis or so called subcutis. The outer and also the thinnest layer of skin is the epidermis. The dermis consists of collagen, elastic tissue and reticular fibers. The hypodermis is the lowest layer of the skin and contains hair follicle roots, lymphatic vessels, collagen tissue, nerves and also fat forming a subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SWAT). The adipose cells create lobules which are bounded by connective tissue, fibrous septa (retinaculum cutis).

Another part of adipose tissue, so called visceral fat, is located in the peritoneal cavity and forms visceral white adipose tissue (VWAT) located between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum, closely below muscle fibers adjoining the hypodermis layer.

The currently used aesthetic applications don't provide any treatment combining the effect of time-varying magnetic field treatment and conventional treatment method, e.g. treatment by thermal treatment and/or mechanical treatment. The currently used thermal treatment includes many adverse events such as non-homogenous temperature distribution, panniculitis, insufficient blood and/or lymph flow during and/or after the treatment. Additionally several adverse event such as panniculitis may occur after the treatment. Further the treatment may be painful so that a topical anesthetic is recommended.

The development of new aesthetic treatment methods providing improved results in shorter time periods is needed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present methods and devices as described below produce a time varying magnetic field for patient treatment which better optimizes energy use, increases the effectiveness of the treatments and provide a new treatment. The magnetic pulses may be generated in monophasic, biphasic or polyphasic regimes. In a first aspect, the device has one or more coils; a switch; an energy storage device and a connection to an energy source. The coil may be made of insulated wires wherein a conductor diameter is less than 10 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, even more preferably less than 0.5 mm and the most preferably less than 0.05 mm. Smaller diameter and individual insulation of the wires significantly reduces self-heating of the coil and therefore increase efficiency of magnetic stimulation device. The coil may be flexibly attached in a casing of device. The casing may comprise a blower or blowers which ensure cooling of the coil.

The present methods provide new aesthetic applications for focused remodeling of the patient's body. The coil of the magnetic stimulation device may be flexibly attached to casing of the device. The blower or blowers may be arranged to blow air on both sides of coil. Optionally, the coil may be a flat type coil.

The method of treating a biological structure uses a combination of non-invasive methods for enhancing human appearance. The invention utilizes electromagnetic field. Methods may be used for targeted remodeling of adipose tissue, focused treatment of cellulite, body contouring, skin tightening or skin rejuvenation. The invention relates to focused heating of the target tissue by electromagnetic waves, whereas the effect of focused heating of the target tissue is amplified by the effect of a magnetic treatment.

The magnetic treatment induces the muscle contraction at higher repetition rates and the contraction is stronger. Therefore the treatment is more efficient for reducing the number and/or volume of adipocytes and enhancing the visual appearance of the treated body region via targeted muscle contraction. Further the temperature homogeneity of is improved. Additionally, strong muscle contractions at higher repetition rates cause mechanical movement of all the layers in proximity of the contracted muscle. The methods therefore cause remodeling and/or neogenesis of the collagen and elastin fibers.

The methods enable new treatments by magnetic and/or electromagnetic field. The repetition rate of the magnetic field is in the range of 1 to 300 Hz with high magnetic flux density up to 7 Tesla (equivalent to 70000 Gauss). The frequency of the electromagnetic field is 13.56 or 40.68 or 27.12 MHz or 2.45 GHz.

On the other hand, a combination with a magnetic treatment method may enhance the visual appearance of the muscle and/or other soft tissue such as skin or adipose tissue.

The methods enable combined treatment using different treatment methods such as magnetic and/or conventional treatment methods. The combination of different treatment methods provide a complex treatment method for focused treatment of a treated body region.

The present methods provide combined treatment using influence of magnetic treatment and mechanical treatment by shock waves, ultrasound waves, acoustic waves and/or pressure application. The mechanical treatment may induce mechanical damage to the treated biological structure and/or tissues. Ultrasound waves may heat adipose cells, dermis, hypodermis or other target biological structure. Ultrasound waves may also induce a cavitation.

The present method provides combined treatment using magnetic treatment and thermal treatment. Heating/cooling may cause an apoptosis and/or necrosis of the target biological structure such as adipose cells. Remodeling of the target biological structure is more significant and treatment duration is reduced. Potential risks for the patient associated with single treatment methods are avoided. Further the side effects such as swelling and/or inflammation are reduced and/or eliminated.

GLOSSARY

Conventional non-invasive and/or invasive aesthetic treatment methods refer to aesthetic applications based on application of mechanical waves, e.g. acoustic wave, ultrasound or shock wave therapy; or electromagnetic waves, e.g. radiofrequency or diathermy treatment or light treatment, such as intense pulsed light or laser treatment; or mechanical stimulation, e.g. positive or negative pressure, rollerball, massage etc.; or thermal treatment, e.g. cryotherapy; or electrotherapy method; or mesotherapy method and or any combination thereof.

Thermal treatment refers to treatment by heating or cooling, e.g. a cryotherapy treatment.

Mechanical treatment refers to treatment methods using applying a pressure such as positive or negative; applying mechanical waves such as shock waves, ultrasound waves or vibration.

Biological structure is at least one neuron, neuromuscular plate, muscle fiber, adipose cell or tissue, collagen, elastin, pigment or skin.

Remodeling target biological structure refers to reducing the number and/or volume of the adipocytes by apoptosis and/or necrosis, cellulite treatment, body shaping and/or contouring, muscle toning, skin tightening, collagen treatment, skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removing, reducing stretchmarks, breast lifting, lip enhancement, treatment of vascular or pigmented lesions of the skin or hair removing.

Body region includes muscle or muscle group, buttocks, saddlebags, love handles, abdomen, hips, thighs, arms, limb and/or any other tissue.

Muscle includes at least one of muscle fiber, muscle tissue or group, neuromuscular plate or nerve innervating the at least one muscle fiber.

Deep muscle refers to a muscle that is at least partly below superficial muscles and/or to the muscle that is covered by the thick layer of other tissue, e.g. mostly adipose tissue and/or the skin, with thickness 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or more centimeters.

Adipose tissue refers to at least one lipid rich cell, e.g. adipocyte.

Bolus refers to a layer of fluid material, e.g. water or fluid solution of ceramic particles, preferably enclosed in a flexible sac made of biocompatible material.

Impulse refers to a single magnetic stimulus.

Pulse refers to a period of treatment by a magnetic field of at least one magnetic stimulus and time duration of no stimulation, i.e. time duration between two impulses from rise/fall edge to next rise/fall edge.

Repetition rate refers to frequency of firing the pulses; it is derived from the time duration of a pulse.

Combined treatment refers to a combination of at least two different treatment methods, e.g. application of magnetic field and thermal treatment, application of magnetic field and mechanical treatment, or application of magnetic field with thermal treatment and mechanical treatment.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross section view of a coil winding.

FIG. 2 is a cross-section of a magnetic applicator.

FIG. 3 is a side view of a casing of a magnetic applicator.

FIG. 4a-4c illustrates a positioning arm.

FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate circuits for providing high power pulses to a stimulating coil.

FIG. 6 illustrates a floor projection of an exemplary embodiment of circular planar magnetic field generating device.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing voltage drop in the energy storage device.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary treatment duty cycle.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a biological effect.

FIGS. 10a and 10b illustrate diagrams of a treatment device and/or an applicator providing magnetic and/or mechanical treatment.

FIGS. 11a and 11b illustrate diagrams of a treatment device and/or an applicator providing magnetic and/or thermal treatment.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

-   -   1 coil     -   2 circuit wire     -   3 fastening point     -   4 blower     -   5 applicator     -   6 arrow     -   7 casing     -   8 outlet     -   9 connecting tube     -   10 fluid conduit     -   11 treatment device     -   12 positioning arm     -   13 applicator     -   14 wheels     -   15 moveable link     -   16 joint     -   17 one end of positioning arm     -   18 sleeve     -   19 second end of positioning arm     -   20 gap     -   21 guiding member     -   22 latching member     -   23 switch     -   24 coil     -   25 energy storage device     -   26 energy source     -   27 protection circuitry     -   28 coil     -   29 energy storage device     -   30 switch     -   31 energy source     -   32 adipose cell     -   33 lipolysis     -   34 ER stress     -   35 apoptosis of adipose cell     -   36 Ca2+ release     -   37 patient     -   38 treatment device     -   39 magnetic field generating device     -   40 pressure generating device     -   41 magnetic treatment device     -   42 pressure device     -   43 patient     -   44 treatment device     -   45 magnetic field generating device     -   46 heating/cooling means     -   47 magnetic treatment device     -   48 heating/cooling device

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section of winding of a coil for a magnetic stimulation device. The coil may be constructed from litz-wire, wherein each wire is insulated separately. Each individual conductor is coated with non-conductive material so the coil constitutes multiple insulated wires. Unlike existing magnetic coil conductors, the present coil is not made of bare wire e.g. litz-wire without insulation, or conductive tapes, conductive strips, or copper pipe with hollow inductors. The insulation of wires separately is a substantial improvement, since this leads to a significant reduction of the induced eddy currents. Power loss due to eddy currents, per single wire, is described by Equation 1 below. The small diameter of wires significantly reduces self-heating of the coil and therefore increases efficiency of the present magnetic stimulation device.

$\begin{matrix} {{P_{EDDY} = \frac{\pi^{2} \cdot B_{P}^{2} \cdot d^{2} \cdot f^{2}}{6 \cdot k \cdot \rho \cdot D}},} & {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 1} \end{matrix}$

where: P_(EDDY) is power loss per unit mass (W·kg⁻¹); B_(p) is the peak of magnetic field (T); f is frequency (Hz); d is the thickness of the sheet or diameter of the wire (m); k is constant equal to 1 for a thin sheet and 2 for a thin wire; ρ is the resistivity of material (Ω·m); D is the density of material (kg·m³).

The individual insulation of each wire reduces eddy currents. The individually insulated wires may be wound either one by one or in a bundle of individually insulated wires so as to form a coil, which will serve as a magnetic field generator. The coil provides an improvement in the efficiency of energy transfer in the LC resonant circuit and also reduces or eliminates unwanted thermal effects.

The coil may have a planar coil shape where the individually insulated wires may have cross-section wires with conductor diameter less than 20, 10, 5, 3, 1, 0.5 or 0.05 mm. The wires are preferably made of materials with higher density and higher resistivity e.g. gold, platinum or copper. The diameters of the single wires should be minimal. On the other hand the total diameter should be maximal because of inverse proportion between the cross-section of all wires forming the coil and the electrical resistance. Therefore the ohmic part of the heat is then lower. Eq. 2 describes power loss of the coil:

$\begin{matrix} {P_{R} = \frac{\rho \cdot \frac{1}{S} \cdot I^{2}}{m}} & {{Eq}.\mspace{14mu} 2} \end{matrix}$

Where: P_(R) is the power loss heat dissipation (W); ρ is the resistance (Ω·m); l is the length of wire (m); S is the surface area (m²); I is the current (A) and m is 1 kg of wire material.

Total power loss is (Eq. 3): P _(TOT) T _(EDDY) +P _(R),  Eq. 3

Where: P_(TOT) is the total power losses (W·kg⁻¹); P_(EDDY) is the power dissipation of eddy currents (W·kg⁻¹); P_(R) is the power loss heat dissipation (W·kg⁻¹).

Dynamic forces produced by current pulses passing through the wires of the coil cause vibrations and unwanted noise. The individual insulated wires of the coil may be impregnated under pressure so as to eliminate air bubbles between the individual insulated wires. The space between wires can be filled with suitable material which causes unification, preservation and electric insulation of the system. Suitable rigid impregnation materials like resin and/or elastic materials like PTE can be also used. With the coil provided as a solid mass, the vibrations and resonance caused by movements of the individual insulated wires are suppressed. Therefore noise is reduced.

The coil may be attached to the case of the applicator, such as a hand held applicator of the magnetic stimulation device; build-in applicator in e.g. chair, bed; or stand-alone applicator e.g. on mechanical fixture. The attachment may be provided by an elastic material e.g., silicone, gum; or other flexible manner. Connection with the coil of the applicator's case can be ensured by several points. The several fastening points ensure the connection of the coil to the casing by flexible material so that the main part of the coil and the main part of the casing of applicator are spaced apart. The spacing should be at least 0.1 mm so that air can easily flow. The gap between the coil and the casing can be used either for spontaneous or controlled cooling. The coil may optionally be connected to the case of the applicator by only one fastening point. The fastening points eliminate vibrations of wires which could be transferred to housing of the applicator and therefore reduce noise of the magnetic stimulation device.

FIG. 2 is a cross-section of the magnetic applicator which allows better flow on the lower and upper sides of the coil and thus more efficient heat dissipation. The magnetic stimulation device includes a coil 1, the circuit wires 2 and the fastening points 3 for connection of the coil to the casing of the applicator (not shown). The fastening points 3 are preferably made of flexible material however the rigid material may be used as well. The fastening points 3 may be located on the outer circumferential side of the coil. However, alternatively it is possible to put these fastening points to a lower or upper side of the coil.

The fastening points 3 connect the coil to the case of the applicator in at least one point. The fastening points 3 maintain the coil and the main part of the case of the applicator spaced apart so that fluid (which may be air or any liquid) can flow between them. At least one blower 4 can be placed around the circumference of the coil, or perpendicular to the coil. The blower can be any known kind of device for directing the fluid e.g. outer air directed into the case of the applicator. This arrangement of the blower allows air to bypass the coil from upper and lower (patient's) sides. In still another embodiment the outer air can be cooled before directing into the case. The blower can have an inlet placed around the circumference of the coil for injecting air, to remove heat from the coil. A connecting tube (not shown) can ensure connection of the applicator 5 with the energy source and/or control unit of magnetic stimulation device. The connecting tube may also contain a conduit of the fluid.

The arrows 6 indicate the air flow through the applicator 5. This arrangement of the blower allows the air to bypass the coil from upper and lower (patient's) side. Outlet may be preferably placed on upper side of the casing. By placing the blower around the circumference of the coil instead of on the top/below the coil, the blower 4 does not interfere with the magnetic flux peak and therefore its lifespan and reliability is increased.

FIG. 3 is an illustrative embodiment of a casing of the magnetic applicator. The overview drawing contains casing itself 7, which might contain an outlet 8 preferably placed on upper side of the casing 7. A connecting tube 9 may not only ensure connection of the applicator with the energy source and/or control unit of magnetic stimulation device, but also connection to a source of the fluid; however the conduit of the fluid 10 may also be connected separately.

In an alternative embodiment cooling may be provided by a member using thermoelectric effect, e.g. a Peltier cooler. Alternatively, cooling may be provided by Stirling engine cooling system.

A static position of the at least one applicator may be provided by a positioning member. The positioning member may be e.g. an arm or an adjustable flexible belt.

The positioning member may include a buckle for adjusting the length of the belt. The applicator may be placed within predefined locations of the belt. Alternatively the applicator may be shaped to be moveable along the positioning member, e.g. the shape of the applicator may be preferably concave, e.g. V-shaped or U-shaped. The positioning member may be inserted itself into the concavity of the applicator. The position of the applicator may be adjusted by limited movement along the positioning member because the positioning member may be used as guiding member. However, the applicator may not be fixed to a particular static position. The position of the applicator may be dynamically adjusted during the treatment following the patient's needs. The position of the applicator may be adjusted manually by the operator, or automatically by the treatment device. In one exemplary embodiment a plurality of applicators may be used for treating larger body regions, e.g. buttocks, abdomen or thigh.

The positioning arm may include a plurality of moveable members which may be articulated. A motion of the at least one moveable member may be translational and/or rotational. The positioning arm may include at least on joint providing at least one degree of freedom for the positioning arm. In more preferred embodiment the positioning arm includes a plurality of degrees of freedom, e.g. two, three or more. An example of such positioning arm may be an open kinematic chain including at least two, more preferably four, even more preferably six degrees of freedom. A fixed frame of the open kinematic chain may be a body of the magnetic treatment device. An endpoint of the kinematic chain may be an applicator and/or a magnetic field generating device.

FIG. 4a illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the treatment device 11 including a positioning arm 12 for positioning the applicator (not shown). The treatment device 11 may include wheels 14 for moving the treatment device. The wheels may be propelled.

FIG. 4b illustrates the positioning arm 12 including moveable links 15 connected by joints 16 enabling two, four most preferably six degrees of freedom. Three of these joints may be locked by a locking mechanism such as a screw mechanism.

The positioning arm 12 is attached to the treatment device 11 at first end of the positioning arm 17 (not shown).

The positioning arm further includes a hollow sleeve 18 at the second end 19. The sleeve 18 includes a gap 20 for removably attaching the applicator 13 to the positioning arm 12.

The positioning arm may include a member for guiding the connecting tube.

FIG. 4c illustrates a hand-held applicator 13 which may be removably attached to the positioning arm 12. The connection of the hand-held applicator 13 to the positioning arm is enabled by a locking mechanism. The hand-held applicator 13 includes a latching member 22 biased by a resilient member. The latching member 22 is adapted to fit the gap 20 in the hollow sleeve 18 at the second end of the positioning arm. The applicator 13 is attached to the positioning arm 12 by inserting the applicator 13 into the sleeve 18 and locking the latching member 22 in the gap 20. Applicator may be removed by pressing the latching member and pulling the applicator from the sleeve.

FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b illustrate circuits for providing high power pulses to the stimulating coil. FIG. 5a shows a circuit for providing high power magnetic pulses. FIG. 5b shows a circuit for providing high power pulses.

The state of art magnetic stimulation device achieves magnetic flux density of a few tenths to several ones of Tesla (1 Tesla is equivalent to 10000 Gauss). To achieve this level of magnetic flux density, the energy source used generates sufficient voltage. This voltage can reach thousands of volts. In FIG. 5a the circuits for providing high power pulses to the stimulating coil contain a series connection to the switch 23 and the coil 24. The switch 23 and the coil 24 together are connected in parallel with an energy storage device 25. The energy storage device 25 is charged by the energy source 26 and the energy storage device 25 then discharges through the switching device 23 to the coil 24.

During second half-period of LC resonance, the polarity on the energy storage device 25 is reversed in comparison with the energy source 26. In this second half-period, there is a conflict between energy source 26, where voltage on positive and negative terminals is typically thousands of Volts. The energy storage device 25 is also charged to the positive and negative voltage generally to thousands of Volts. As a result, there is in the circuit, consequently, twice the voltage of the energy source 26. Hence the energy source 26 and all parts connected in the circuit are designed for a high voltage load. Therefore, the protective resistors and/or protection circuitry 27 must be placed between energy source 26 and energy storage device 25. Disadvantage of state of art solution is large amount of energy transformed to undesired heat in protective resistors and/or protection circuitry 27.

FIG. 5b shows a circuit for providing high power pulses for improved function of the magnet stimulation device. The coil 28 and an energy storage device 29 are connected in series and disposed in parallel to the switch 30. The energy storage device 29 is charged through the coil 28. To provide an energy pulse, controlled shorting of energy source 31 takes place through the switch 30. In this way the high voltage load at the terminals of the energy source 31 during the second half-period of LC resonance associated with known devices is avoided. The voltage on the terminals of energy source 31 during second half-period of LC resonance is a voltage equal to the voltage drop on the switch 30. A capacitance of the energy storage device may be in the range of 5 nF to 100 mF, preferably in the range of 25 nF to 50 mF, more preferably in the range of 100 nF to 10 mF, even more preferably in the range of 1 μF to 1 mF, most preferably in the range of 5 to 500 μF.

The energy storage device may provide a voltage of at least 100, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2500 V or more.

The energy storage device may provide a current pulse discharge at least 100, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, 2000 A or more.

The switch 30 can be any kind of switch such as diode, MOSFET, JFET, IGBT, BJT, thyristor or their combination. Depending on the type of component the load of energy source 31 is reduced to a few Volts, e.g., 1-10 volts. Consequently, it is not necessary to protect the energy source 31 from a high voltage load, e.g., thousands of Volts. The use of protective resistors and/or protection circuits is reduced or eliminated. The present designs simplify the circuits used, increase efficiency of energy usage and provide higher safety.

An inductance of the coil may be in the range of 1 nH to 50 mH, preferably in the range of 50 nH to 10 mH, more preferably in the range of 500 nH to 1 mH, most preferably in the range of 1 to 500 μH.

FIG. 6 illustrates a floor projection of an exemplary embodiment of circular planar magnetic field generating device. The magnetic field generating device is characterized by dimensions including outer diameter D; inner diameter d; inner radius r and outer radius R. The magnetic field generating device is further characterized by areas A1 and A2.

The area A1 is associated with dimensions r and d. The area A1 includes no winding. The area A1 may be represented by a core. The core may be preferably air core.

The area A2 is associated with dimensions R and D. The area A2 includes the magnetic field generating device itself, i.e. windings of the coil.

The dimension r may be in the range of 1 to 99% of the dimension R, more preferably in the range of 2 to 95% or 3 to 80% of the dimension R, even more preferably in the range of 4 to 60% or 6 to 50% of the dimension R, most preferably in the range of 7 to 40%. The dimensions of r and R may be used for achieving convenient shape of the generated magnetic field.

In an exemplary embodiment the coil diameter D is 100 mm and the dimension r is 10% of the dimension R. In that exemplary case the dimension R is 50 mm and the dimension r is 5 mm.

The area A2 includes a plurality of windings. One winding may include a plurality of wires, preferably insulated wires. The windings are preferably tightly arranged, most preferably one winding touching the adjacent winding. The winding area A2 may be at least 0.99 cm2. The winding area A2 may be in the range of 4 to 7900 cm2, preferably in the range of 9 to 1950 cm2, more preferably in the range of 15 to 975 cm2, most preferably in the range of 45 to 450 cm2.

Alternatively the windings may include a gap between each other. The gap may up to 50, 25 15, 10, 5, 1, 0.5 or 0.1% % of the dimension R-r.

A total coil surface, i.e. A1+A2, may be in the range of at least 1 cm2. The total coil surface may be in the range of 5 to 8000 cm2, preferably in the range of 10 to 2000 cm2, more preferably in the range of 20 to 1000 cm2, most preferably in the range of 50 to 500 cm2.

FIG. 7 shows an exponential voltage drop in the energy storage device. Energy savings during time-varying magnetic therapy may be characterized by reduced voltage drop in the energy storage device between the first, second and subsequent maximums of the resonant oscillation. The magnitude of the individual voltage oscillations is exponentially dampened up to establishing the energy balance. This allows increasing the maximum possible frequency/repetition rate of magnetic pulses, since the frequency/repetition rate is dependent on the speed with which it is possible to recharge the energy storage device. Since the energy storage device is recharged by the amount of energy loss during the previous pulse, it is possible to increase the frequency/repetition rate of the device up to hundreds of magnetic pulses per second without the need to increase the input power. The voltage drop between any of the successive amplitudes is not higher than 40, 30, 21, 14 or 7%.

The device can be used for treatment/successive treatments in continual, interrupted or various duty cycle regime. The treatment duty cycle may be higher than 10%, which means interrupted regime with the ratio up to 1 active to 9 passive time units. The ratio may possibly change during the therapy. In the preferred application the treatment duty cycle may be at least 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 75, 85 or 90%.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary treatment duty cycle of 10% while the exemplary repetition rate is 10 Hz. An active treatment lasts for a period T1. T1 lasts 2 s. Hence the target biological structure is treated by 20 magnetic pulses. Passive treatment lasts for a period T2. T2 lasts 18 second. The period T1 is repeated after T2. In this exemplary treatment the period including active and passive period lasts 20 seconds.

The device enables operation defined by the peak to peak magnetic flux density on the coil surface at least 3 T, more preferably at least 2.25 T, most preferably at least 1.5 T at repetition rates above 50 Hz, more preferably at repetition rates above 60 Hz, even more preferably at repetition rates above 70, most preferably at repetition rates above 80 Hz with treatment/successive treatments lasting several seconds or longer, for example, for at least 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 or 240 seconds, or longer. The total power consumption is below 1.3 kW and the width of pulses is in the range of hundreds of μs.

The device enables achieving repetition rates above 100 Hz, more preferably repetition rates above 150 Hz, most preferably repetition rates above 200 Hz with the magnetic flux density providing a therapeutic effect on neurons and/or muscle fibers and/or endocrine cells (e.g. at least partial muscle contraction, action potential in cell). Based on achievement of repetition rates in order of few hundreds the device also enables assembling the magnetic pulses into the various shapes (e.g. triangular, rectangular, exponential), with the shape widths from 6 ms to several seconds or longer.

The device may enable a continual treatment and continual magnetic treatment where the set of the magnetic flux density and frequency/repetition rate of magnetic pulses does not lead to exceeding of the operating temperature 60° C., preferably 56° C., more preferably 51° C., even more preferably 48° C. most preferably 43° C. on the casing of the device operating in an ambient temperature of 30° C. regardless of the duration of therapy.

Alternatively the magnetic field generating device may generate a static magnetic field. The magnetic field generating device generating the static magnetic field may be e.g. permanent magnet or electromagnet. The coil may be powered by a power source, a transformer and/or an energy storage device. The magnetic field may be applied as time-varying magnetic field by movement of the magnetic field generating device. Alternatively the magnetic field generating device may be switched on and off.

During last few decades patient have not only wanted to be in good health, they have also wanted to look well, i.e. to be well shaped, without any unattractive fat and to have a young appearance, without wrinkles, stretchmarks or sagging breasts. This has resulted in a progressive evolution of invasive aesthetic methods such as surgical removing of fat and remodeling the human body by invasive and potentially dangerous methods, e.g. liposuction or inserting implants into human body. The side effects of invasive methods may be scars, swelling or bruising. The side effects resulted in the rapid progress in non-invasive method, e.g. lipolysis or removing skin imperfections. One example of the last few years may is rapid increase of patients' demand for enhancing the visual appearance of buttocks. This has resulted in a higher percentage of these operations by plastic surgeons.

Electric current may be induced in the treated biological structure during pulsed magnetic treatment. Due to the high value of magnetic flux density the biological structure may be targeted and treated more specifically. A distribution of magnetic field is uniform in the biological structure. Particles (e.g. atoms, ions, molecules etc.) in the biological structures are influenced by the magnetic field and permeability of a cell membrane may also increase.

Due to increased permeability of the cell membrane, the pulsed magnetic treatment may induce following effects: at least partial muscle contraction; reduction of adipose tissue—volume and/or number of the adipose cells; neogenesis and/or remodeling of collagen and/or elastin fibers. Further magnetic treatment may improve circulation of blood and/or lymph and improve local and/or adipose tissue metabolism.

With the present methods, factors for enhancing visual appearance of the body include: treatment of major muscle, e.g. gluteus maximus; treatment of deep muscle which may be enabled by high value of magnetic flux density; non-contact application of magnetic flux density, it may be applied even through clothing; stronger muscle contraction due to higher value of magnetic flux density; higher-quality of muscle targeting; treatment may not be influenced by small movements during treatment; treatment time duration may be shortened due to high value of magnetic flux density and/or higher repetition rate; no delays may occur.

It is to be understood that the method is not limited to the particular applications and that the method may be practiced or carried out in various ways.

Present method may be applied for enhancing the visual appearance of body parts including or proximate to major muscle structures. Further the method may be applicable for enhancing the visual appearance of patients with high value of BMI. A patient with BMI of at least 18, preferably at least 25, more preferably at least 30, most preferably at least 35 or more may be preferably treated by the recited methods. A thickness of patient's SWAT and/or VWAT may be at least 0.1, 0.5, 10, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 mm or more. The patient may be preferably healthy without any life-threatening conditions such as circulatory system disease, e.g. deep vein thrombosis. The present method is not limited to the application of the treatment to major muscle. Muscles other than major muscles may be treated as well.

The applicator of magnetic treatment may be placed proximate to the patient's body. As used here, proximate to includes both contactless and in actual contact with the skin of the patient. The muscles may be selectively treated and the magnetic flux density may be adjusted following the patient's feeling or needs. The treatment time may be shortened due to selective treatment of the correct muscles. Additionally, due to the high value of magnetic flux density, the muscle may be treated more effectively. Further, the treatment may be non-invasive or even preferably contactless due to the high value of magnetic flux density. The patient may be treated without removing clothing, reducing patient discomfort. Additionally, following the high efficiency of the muscle contraction the collagen and/or elastin fibers above the muscle structure may be remodeled, hence the visual appearance may be enhanced.

The position of the patient may correspond to treated biological structure and/or body region. The patient may be treated in seated position. Alternatively, the patient may be treated in lying position, e.g. in supine position. Treatment in lateral recumbent position may be also applicable. Patient may be in prone position as well.

In the preferred application the treatment method may be applied to body regions prone to cellulite and/or prone to adipose accumulation, such as thighs, saddlebags, buttocks, abdomen, region of love handles, region of bra fat or arm. The adipose accumulation may be influenced by number and/or volume of adipose cells.

The magnetic treatment of the biological structure may have various applications for enhancing visual appearance of the contour of a body region. High density magnetic field reaching such values may be used for treatment of a muscle and/or adipose tissue, wherein the adipose tissue reduction may be achieved by reduction of number and/or volume of adipose cells. Adipose tissue reduction may be also known as fat disruption, reduction or removal, skin tightening body sculpting or sculpting, connective tissue improvement or adipose tissue reduction in general.

Alternatively adipose tissue may be reduced and the muscle may gain strength. These effects may be known as contouring or circumferential reduction. Circumferential reduction refers to shape modification of body parts such as thighs or abdomen.

The adipose tissue reduction may be associated with increasing volume of the muscle. This effect may be known as core strengthening.

The adipose tissue may be reduced with improving the muscle in volume and strength. These effects may be known as cellulite treatment, body shaping, body contouring, body sculpting, core shaping, muscle forming, muscle shaping, skin laxity reduction or improving aesthetic and/or visual appearance in general.

The muscle may gain strength without adipose tissue reduction. The effect may be known as muscle strengthening, muscle toning or muscle firming.

The muscle may increase a volume. The effect may be known as muscle volumization or muscle tightening.

The muscle may be further improved in strength and in volume. Such effect may be known as muscle remodeling or stimulation, deep tissue remodeling or stimulation. This effect may be used e.g. for butt lifting.

Alternatively breast enhancement, wherein the appearance enhancement effect may be achieved by elevation or shape modification may be caused. Further lip enhancement, wherein the lip appearance enhancement may be achieved by obtaining fuller and firmer appearance. The body region may be reduced in overall size.

The muscle may be treated by a time-varying magnetic field applied by the aforementioned device.

The magnetic field may treat peripheral nerves in the treated body region. Alternatively, peripheral motor neurons affecting hundreds of muscle fibers may be selectively targeted. The muscle contraction of the whole muscle group innervated by the specific nerve or nerve plexus may be caused as well.

Due to high magnetic flux density of the generated magnetic field supramaximal muscle contractions may occur. Supramaximal contractions cannot be voluntarily achieved. The muscle may change as it naturally adapts to a muscle stress caused by the supramaximal contractions. Hence the muscle strength and/or volume may increase. The muscle strength and/or volume increase may be achieved by muscle fiber hypertrophy and/or muscle fiber hyperplasia. A muscle tension may also increase. These structural changes may be long-lasting compared to regular exercising.

Varying magnetic flux density and repetition rate resulting in the muscle contractions during the treatment may be beneficial for muscle relaxation between the muscle contractions. The treatment duty cycle may be higher than 10%, which means interrupted regime with the ratio up to 1 active to 9 passive time units. The ratio may possibly change during the therapy. In the preferred application the treatment duty cycle may be at least 15, 20, 25, 40, 50, 75, 85 or 90%.

Hence effects such muscle volumization, toning, strengthening and/or remodeling may be caused.

In the methods described, the magnetic stimulation device may or may not include a magnetic core. The magnetic stimulation device may be cooled by fluid, e.g. by air, water or oil. Total power consumption of the magnetic stimulation device may be below 1.3 kW. A power of the magnetic stimulation device may be at least 150, 250 or 500 W to generate a magnetic flux density sufficient to induce at least muscle contraction. Energy conversion efficiency may be at least 10, 25, 50, 80% or more. The energy conversion efficiency may be enabled by the above recited construction such as by using insulated wire, components layout and/or by the cooling system. A magnetic stimulation device as described in the U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/789,156 or U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/789,658 incorporated herein by reference, may be used.

The applicator for magnetic treatment may be placed proximate to the patient's body. The magnetic flux density may be applied into the target biological structure. Electric current may be induced and treat the neuromuscular plate and/or the nerve innervating the at least one muscle fiber. The treatment may cause at least a partial muscle contraction.

Furthermore, the present invention discloses the advanced approaches in aesthetic applications, e.g. for cellulite treatment and/or body shaping. Combined methods of treatment by electromagnetic field and treatment by magnetic field are used. The electromagnetic field may include treatment by radiofrequency, infrared or optical waves. The magnetic treatment may be provided by permanent magnets, electromagnetic devices generating a static magnetic field or time-varying magnetic devices. In the preferred application the treatment by a pulsed magnetic field and radiofrequency treatment may be combined. However the application is not limited by the recited combination so the combined method may include magnetic treatment and any treatment by electromagnetic field, e.g. light treatment, IR treatment or treatment by radiofrequency waves, e.g. microwaves, short waves or long waves. The magnetic treatment may also be provided with thermal treatment, e.g. heating and/or cooling.

A device described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/278,756 incorporated herein by reference may be used for application of the present methods. The device may exclude the balun transformer, or the balun transformer may be included in transmatch. The possible methods of treatment by combined methods are described below.

Magnetic treatment in combination with radiofrequency treatment may be applied by two independent treatment devices, e.g. one device for treating the biological structure by radiofrequency waves and second device for treating the biological structure by magnetic field. Both devices may have a separate applicator for treating the biological structure, or one applicator may be used by at least two devices, i.e. the applicator may be modular for a plurality of devices.

The device may include at least one HF frequency generator for providing energy for radiofrequency treatment and for providing energy for magnetic treatment. In an alternative embodiment, the device may include at least one HF frequency generator for providing energy for radiofrequency treatment and at least one other independent frequency generator for providing energy for magnetic treatment. The device may include plurality of applicators for providing separate radiofrequency or magnetic treatments to the patient.

In alternative embodiment the applicator may provide a combination of radiofrequency and magnetic treatment. In one embodiment, the applicator may include at least one radiofrequency electrode for providing radiofrequency treatment and at least one magnetic field generating device, e.g. a coil, for providing magnetic treatment. In another embodiment, the applicator may include at least one electrode for providing radiofrequency treatment and at least one magnetic field generating device providing magnetic treatment, wherein the at least one RF source provides energy for both at least one electrode and at least one magnetic field generating device.

In still another embodiment the at least one RF source may provide the energy for the at least one magnetic field generating device providing magnetic treatment wherein the at least one magnetic field generating device may be used as the at least one electrode. The essence is the far different stimulation frequencies which are used for RF treatment and magnetic treatment. The magnetic field generating device in the high frequency field is similar to the electrode. This enables the magnetic field generating device to be the electrode for radiofrequency treatment. In the preferred embodiment a flat coil may be used as the electrode.

The frequencies for the radiofrequency treatment may be in the range of ones of MHz to hundreds of GHz, more preferably in the range of 13 MHz to 3 GHz, most preferably around 13.56 or 40.68 or 27.12 MHz or 2.45 GHz. The term “around” should be interpreted as in the range of 5% of the recited value. The impulse frequencies for the magnetic treatment may be in the range of hundreds of Hz to hundreds of kHz, more preferably in the range of ones of kHz to tens of kHz, most preferably up to 10 kHz. However the repetition rate of the magnetic impulses may reach up to 700 Hz, more preferably up to 500 Hz, most preferably in the range of 1 to 300 Hz, e.g. at least 1, 5, 20, 30, 50, 100, 140 or 180 Hz. The magnetic flux density of the magnetic treatment may be at least 0.1, 0.8, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.4 or up to 7 Tesla on the coil surface (equivalent to 70000 Gauss). The treatment/successive treatments may last several seconds, e.g. at least 5, 10, 30, 60, 120 or 240 seconds, or longer, e.g. at least 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes. The impulse duration may be in the range of 3 μs to 10 ms or more, or alternatively 3 μs to 3 ms or alternatively 3 μs to 1 ms. The impulse duration may be e.g. 3, 10, 50, 200, 300, 400, 500, 625, 1000, 2000 or below 3000 μs. Alternatively the impulse duration may be in the range of ms. The duty cycle of the stimulation may be at least 1:50, more preferably at least 1:40, even more preferably at least 1:20, most preferably at least 1:8 or up to 1:4. The magnetic stimulation device may emit no radiation.

A derivative of the magnetic flux density is defined by Equation 4. dB/dt,  Eq. 4

where: dB is magnetic flux density derivative [T]; dt is time derivative [s].

The maximal value of the magnetic flux density derivative may be up to 5 MT/s, preferably in the ranges of 0.3 to 800 kT/s, 0.5 to 400 kT/s, 1 to 300 kT/s, 1.5 to 250 kT/s, 2 to 200 kT/s, 2.5 to 150 kT/s. In exemplary applications the maximal value of the magnetic flux density derivative may be at least 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 3.2, 5, 8, 10, 17, 30 or 60 kT/s. The value of magnetic flux density derivative may correspond to induced current within the tissue.

The magnetic flux density derivative may be determined within entire period of the magnetic signal and/or in any segment of the magnetic signal.

Alternatively the treatment device may include no deep muscle diathermy device for heating the target biological structure. The treatment preferably may include no electrode which may enable heating the biological structure in contact mode.

Cellulite is an effect of skin change resulting in orange peel appearance. The cause of the cellulite is orientation of collagen fibers in so called “fibrous” septae. The fibrous septae contract and harden over time creating a dimple effect. Additionally, blood and lymphatic vessels lack circulation due to the contraction and hardening of the septae. The lymph flow may be blocked resulting in swelling. Another cause of cellulite may be adipose cells protruding to dermis. Cellulite may be treated by the recited methods.

One application of time-varying magnetic field for enhancing the visual appearance of body region may be treatment of a muscle by magnetic flux density for reducing the cellulite. The magnetic flux density may be delivered through the skin to the neuromuscular plate and/or nerve innervating at least one muscle fiber. The electric current may be induced in the target biological structure causing at least partial muscle contraction. The at least partial muscle contraction may cause the movement of the skin and all the biological structures subtending epidermis. Additionally, the at least partial muscle contraction may improve blood circulation by itself, or via the movement of the muscle in the vicinity including fibrous septae. Additionally, blood and/or lymph circulation may be improved in the layers subtending epidermis since the muscle contraction may move the fibrous septae. Also local and/or adipose tissue metabolism may be improved. The muscle contraction may move the skin above the treated muscle. A displacement of the skin may be in the range of 0.1 to 150 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.5 mm 100 mm, even more in the range of 1 to 75 mm, most preferably in the range of 2 to 50 mm. The skin displacement may last in the range of 0.01 to 30 seconds, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 15 seconds, even more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 7.5 seconds, most preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 seconds.

The lymph flow may be improved by at least partial muscle contraction which may provide effect similar to manual massage. The improved lymph flow may improve local metabolism and/or immune system. The improved lymph flow may contribute to purer lymph due to faster delivery of the lymph to the lymph nodes where the lymph may be cleared.

The present method may provide a massage effect via the treatment which may be caused by the at least partial muscle contraction. Therefore the massage effect may be achieved by contactless methods instead of manual massage techniques or soft tissue techniques. The massage effect may improve lymph circulation.

In another aspect, improvement of functionality and/or the appearance of the muscle may be achieved with results similar to body exercise. The results may be achieved by application of high magnetic flux density to the body region and inducing at least partial muscle contraction. Higher values of magnetic flux density applied may result in a stronger muscle contraction. The patient may feel firmer and tighter.

With the present method muscle contractions induced by the applied magnetic flux density may help to tone the muscle providing a more attractive appearance. As the muscle structure is treated by time-varying magnetic field the entire limb may be moved due to the high power of the magnetic treatment. Nevertheless, the method is not limited to the applications to the limbs and the method is able to treat any muscle, e.g. gluteus maximus or any muscle/deep muscle to induce body contouring and/or body shaping effect and fat burn. Additionally, shortened and/or flabby muscles may be stretched. The physical fitness of the patient may be improved as well.

The magnetic field may treat various body regions, e.g. thighs, buttocks, hips, abdomen or arms. The muscles may be shaped to enhance visual appearance of the treated body region. The body part may obtain enhanced visual appearance of its contour.

The magnetic field may treat at least one muscle of lower limb, particularly the parts which are prone to cellulite such as thighs or saddlebags. The time-varying magnetic field may induce at least partial muscle contraction in different muscle and/or muscle group. Following the position and/or orientation of the magnetic field generating device the anterior, posterior and/or medial compartment of the thigh may be treated. The anterior compartment includes sartorius muscle, rectus femoris muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, vastus intermedius muscle, vastus medialis muscle. Posterior compartment includes biceps femoris muscle, semitendinosus muscle and semimembranosus muscle. Medial compartment includes pectineus muscle, external obturator muscle, gracilis muscle, adductor longus muscle, adductor brevis muscle and adductor magnus muscle.

The treatment may cause circumferential reduction of thighs. Further the muscle may obtain enhanced visual appearance, thigh may be well-shaped. Thigh contour may be enhanced as well.

The at least one surrounding body region may be treated as well, e.g. buttocks.

The applicator may be placed within proximity of the patient's treated area. The applicator may be fixed to the patient. Alternatively the correct position may be provided by a mechanic arm and/or adjustable applicator. The applicator may be made of adhesive and/or high friction material at least on contact surface with the patient.

The magnetic field may be generated with low repetition rate of such as 1 Hz for a predetermined period of time, e.g. 30 seconds, sufficient for setting the applicator to a correct position where the treatment is most effective. During the period the magnetic flux density may be adjusted following the patient's needs to induce muscle contraction sufficiently strong and comfortable for the patient.

The treatment may start a treatment protocol. The treatment protocol may include a set of predetermined treatment sequences consisted of predetermined repetition rates applied for a predetermined time periods. The sequences may be repeated and/or adjusted following the patient's need. The sequence may include a repetition rate in the range of 1 to 100 Hz, preferably in the range of 2 to 90 Hz, more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 Hz, most preferably in the range of 10 to 45 Hz. The sequences may last at least 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 or up to 300 seconds.

Alternatively the treatment may include the only the treatment protocol without applying the magnetic field of low repetition rate. The correct position of the applicator and/or adjusting the magnetic flux density may be adjusted during the first sequence of the treatment protocol.

In one application, the treatment may induce the same effect as muscle exercising of buttocks. During the treatment of buttocks the magnetic field may be targeted to treat of muscles shaping the buttocks, e.g. tensor fasciae latae muscle or at least one of gluteal muscles: maximus, medius or minimus. In one preferred application all three gluteal muscles may be treated. Further other muscles may be treated, e.g. abdominal muscles, spinal muscles and/or thoracic muscles. By the complex treatment and muscle contraction in the body region the treated muscles may be strengthened, toned, the cellulite may be reduced and dimples may be removed. Buttocks and even the patient's figure may be enhanced in visual shape appearance and may become more attractive. Buttocks become well-shaped, round, firm, well-trained, toned, smoother, tight and lifted. The complex treatment may reduce hips, make perfect round and lifted buttocks, increasing the self-confidence of the patient

The treatment may be more efficient than standard workout in fitness since the fitness machines strengthen only the isolated muscles. The results may be achieved in very short-time periods with minimal time of treatment. Without being limited, it is believed that the exercising of the gluteus medius may reduce the volume of the buttocks; exercising of the gluteus maximus may shape and/or lift the buttocks; exercising of the gluteus minimus may lift the buttocks.

In the preferred application the magnetic treatment may be combined with other treatment methods using different approaches, e.g. conventional non-invasive treatments. The combined treatment may be applied to the surroundings tissues around buttocks to reduce the cellulite around the buttocks and enhance the shape of the enhanced appearance of the buttocks. The surrounding tissues may be represented by e.g. abdomen, love handles, thighs or saddle bags.

The magnetic field may treat at least one muscle responsible for silhouette of the body. The time-varying magnetic field may induce at least partial muscle contraction in different muscle and/or muscle group responsible for silhouette in the region of abdomen, love handles and/or bra fat. Following the position and/or orientation of the magnetic field generating device rectus abdominis muscle may be treated. Alternatively latissimus dorsi muscle, abdominal internal oblique muscle, abdominal external oblique muscle, transverse abdominal muscle and/or pyramidalis muscle may be treated by the time-varying magnetic field.

The treatment may cause circumferential reduction in the region of belly, hips and/or love handles. Alternatively the treatment may tighten at least one of these body parts. Further the muscles may obtain enhanced visual appearance, belly may be well-shaped. Repetitive application may even reach in a six-pack look. The at least one surrounding body region may be treated as well, e.g. buttocks.

The magnetic field may treat at least one muscle of upper limb, particularly the parts which may be prone to cellulite such as arm. The time-varying magnetic field may induce at least partial muscle contraction. Following the position and/or orientation of the magnetic field generating device the at least partial muscle contraction may occur in biceps brachii muscle, brachialis muscle, coracobrachialis muscle and/or triceps brachii muscle.

The treatment may cause circumferential reduction of the arm. Further the muscle may obtain enhanced visual appearance, arm may be well-shaped. Arm contour may be enhanced as well.

The at least partial muscle contraction may be more efficient for adipose tissue metabolism as the value of magnetic flux density increases since the muscle contraction may be stronger. The higher magnetic flux density may treat the higher number of muscle fibers contraction and the more adipose tissue may be reduced. Therefore the visual appearance of regions prone to cellulite may be enhanced.

Treatment by time-varying magnetic field may induce lipolysis. Adipose tissue may be reduced by decreasing the number and/or volume of adipose cells. Promoted adipose cell metabolism may increase as the value of magnetic flux density increases. The treatment may release free fatty acids (FFA) from at least one adipose cell. The increased concentration of FFA may influence a homeostasis of the adipose cell. A disruption of the homeostasis may cause a dysfunction of the adipose cell. The dysfunction may be followed by stress for endoplasmic reticulum (ER stress). ER stress may cause additional lipolysis and/or apoptosis of the at least one adipose cell.

Furthermore, ER stress may cause increase of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) which may promote an apoptotic process and may continue into controlled cell death of the adipose cell. The apoptosis may be induced by Ca-dependent effectors, e.g. calpain or caspase-12. Endogenous ligands or pharmacological agents, such as vitamin D, may induce prolonged cytosolic calcium increase. Vitamin D may influence release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum. Hence the effect of treatment may be enhanced by application of vitamin D and/or Ca2+ prior, during and/or after the treatment. The most significant effect may be achieved by application of both, Ca2+ and vitamin D, prior the treatment to provide all factors influencing adipose cell apoptosis.

Alternatively, increased level of Ca2+ may induce autophagy within adipose cell as well. Autophagy is self-eating process of cellular organelles to produce energy and it may proceed into cell death. Autophagy may be induced by ER stress or it may be induced via Ca2+ signaling.

FIG. 9 illustrates pathways which may induce apoptosis of the at least one adipose cell. FFA may accumulate in the at least one adipose cell (32). The magnetic field may induce lipolysis (33), i.e. a release of FFA from adipose tissue. Accumulated FFA may reach a threshold when adipose cell is unable to utilize FFA. A dysfunction of the adipose cell may occur. The adipose cell may react on the dysfunction by ER stress (34). ER stress may induce lipolysis hence additional release of FFA may occur (32). ER stress may cause apoptosis of the adipose cell (35). Furthermore, the ER stress may release Ca2+ (36) which may contribute the apoptosis (35).

The effect of the treatment by magnetic field for adipose tissue reduction may be influenced by various biological processes and/or pathways as recited above. The processes and/or pathways may be synergic hence the adipose tissue reduction may be accelerated and/or more efficient.

The method may cause the circumferential reduction i.e. a reduction of the size of the treated body region. The method may be mostly indicated for the regions with cellulite, particularly for thighs, buttocks, saddlebags, love handles, abdomen, hips and/or arms. However, the indication is not limited to the mentioned regions and the method may be used for treatment of any other body region.

Furthermore, the method may change BMI index of the patient. In a preferred application the BMI of the patient may be reduced. Alternatively, the BMI of the patient may increase.

The magnetic treatment may be combined with mechanical treatment such as application of mechanical waves and/or a pressure. The target biological structures may be treated by the mechanical treatment and/or by the magnetic field simultaneously, alternating and/or in overlap. The application of mechanical waves may e.g. positively influence a metabolism of adipose cells, alternatively massage effect may be provided by the mechanical treatment.

The positive and/or negative pressure may be applied to the patient to promote at least blood and/or lymph flow. The negative pressure refers to pressure below atmospheric pressure. The positive pressure refers to pressure value above atmospheric pressure. Atmospheric pressure is pressure of the air in a room during the treatment. The pressure may be provided by a vacuum, a fluid flow or by a pressure changing element (e.g. a massaging element or pressure cells).

The mechanical treatment may cause synergic effects in combination with the treatment by the magnetic field. Hence the combined treatment may provide improved effectivity of the treatment and/or reduced treatment time. Further the visual results are achieved in shorter time period.

FIGS. 10a and 10b illustrate an applicator/a device providing the combined treatment to the body region of the patient 37.

FIG. 10a illustrates a treatment device 38 including a connection to power source, a magnetic field generating device 39 and mechanical waves and/or pressure generating device 40.

Alternatively the treatment device may include at least one device generating both, the magnetic field and the mechanical wave and/or pressure. Such a device may be the magnetic field generating device, e.g. a coil, including a metal or ferromagnetic material within proximity of the coil. The generated mechanical wave may be shock wave generated by electromagnetic principle. Alternatively the mechanical wave may be a vibration.

FIG. 10b illustrates alternative treatment applied to the patient 37 by two separate treatment devices, i.e. by a device providing magnetic treatment 41 and a device providing mechanical waves and/or pressure 42.

The treatment effect may be enhanced by applying negative pressure to the skin below the applicator. The negative pressure may be in the range of 1 Pa to 50 kPa below the atmospheric pressure, preferably in the range of 0.1 to 25 kPa below the atmospheric pressure, more preferably in the range of 1 to 15 kPa below the atmospheric pressure, most preferably in the range of 3 to 8 kPa below the atmospheric pressure. The skin may be pulled towards the inner surface of the applicator. Hence a contact may be enabled by applying the negative pressure. Further the skin may be stretched and a thickness of the skin may decrease. Alternatively the blood and/or lymph flow may be promoted.

The treatment effect may be enhanced by application of a positive pressure. The dermal blood flow may also be limited and/or eliminated by applying a constant static pressure. The pressure greater than systolic blood pressure may be used for temporary pushing the blood out of the dermal and/or subcutaneous veins. Alternatively the pressure application may provide correct contact of the applicator with the patient's skin.

Further the positive pressure may follow a predetermined pattern to provide a massage effect. A varying pressure may increase the blood and/or lymph flow. The local metabolism may be promoted. Alternatively a regeneration of the treated body region may be promoted as well.

The pressure may be alternatively applied by an applicator designed to correspond to the patient's body shape. The applicator may include at least one pressure applying element, more preferably a plurality of pressure applying elements may be used. An exemplary device may be e.g. a massage roller. A movement of the roller may follow a predetermined trajectory.

Alternatively the positive pressure may be applied by a flexible applicator which may be shaped to fit the patient's body, e.g. in a shape of a compression bag, a sleeve, trousers, shorts, a shirt, a jacket or other garment. The device may treat one or multiple body parts. The patient's body part such as a limb may not be entirely within or under the applicator. The plurality of body parts may be treated simultaneously.

One or more applicators may treat the body part individually and/or may be interconnected and may cooperate. Massage units may be designed for providing lymph drainage.

A correct placement of the compression sleeve may be provided by anatomical design of the applicator and/or at least one sensor. The correct placement may be important for improving a flow and/or propelling the lymph to lymphatic nodes.

The applicator may include at least one pressure changing element, such as a pressure cell or a rigid member, providing a massage to the patient. The at least one pressure changing element may move with respect to the patient. The movement may be rotational and/or translational. A plurality of pressure changing elements may create a pressure gradient.

The applicator may include at least one sensor for providing feedback. A treatment protocol may be adjusted automatically based on the feedback, semiautomatically and/or manually by the operator. Semiautomatically may be interpreted in the sense that a control system may provide a recommended adjustment of the treatment protocol which may be confirmed by the operator.

The device may be automatically controlled hence continual monitoring by the operator is not needed. It may reduce time duration and/or costs of the treatment. The operator may supervise more than one treated patient. Self-operated or automated devices may prevent mistakes during the treatment caused by human factors. Further benefit of the self-operated device may be an absence of the need for a skilled operator as when using a manual device.

A number of pressure changing elements may be up to 6000, preferably in the range of 1 to 1000, more preferably in the range of 8 to 80, even more preferably in the range of 2 to 40, most preferably in the range of 4 to 32.

A size and/or the shape of the pressure changing element may fit to the patient's body. One pressure changing element may apply the pressure to the patient's skin in an area of at least 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1000 cm2 or up to 2 m2. In an exemplary application the area may be in the range of 1 cm2 to 1 m2, more preferably in the range of 10 cm2 to 1000 cm2, even more preferably in the range of 40 cm2 to 800 cm2, most preferably in the range of 150 cm2 to 600 cm2.

At least one pressure changing element may continually change the applied pressure. Alternatively the pressure may be changed in intervals, e.g. in the range of 5 ms to 10 s, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 5 s, most preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 s. A plurality of pressure changing elements may provide the pressure simultaneously and/or sequentially, i.e. the pressure changing elements may be switched in applying the pressure.

The method may change the positive and/or the negative pressure in time. A pressure change may be linear, exponential, logarithmic or sinusoidal. The pressure applied may be changed. Alternatively the applied pressure may create a pressure gradient. The pressure gradient may vary within the treatment. In preferred application the pressure gradient may propel the lymph to lymphatic nodes. Alternatively the pressure gradient may propel the lymph in reverse direction to physiologic lymph flow. A treatment protocol may influence the treated biological structure and/or a layer of the skin. The treatment protocol may be predefined and/or adjustable by the operator following the patient's needs.

The pressure gradient may arise between at least two pressure changing elements. The pressure gradient may be in the range of 0 to 100%, preferably in the range of 0 to 95%, more preferably in the range of 0 to 70%, most preferably in the range of 0 to 50%. In an exemplary application the pressure gradient may be 1%, i.e. the applied pressure between current and following pressure value decreases and/or increases with the pressure gradient of 1%. In an exemplary application the current pressure value may be 5 kPa and the following pressure value may be 5.05 kPa if the gradient increases or 4.95 kPa if the gradient decreases.

Cycles of the treatment, e.g. repeated pulse sequences, treatment patterns, repeated parts of the treatment protocols and/or its duration may vary following the patient's needs. A treatment pattern may be a line or a matrix. The pressure changing element may move in trajectories including linear, circular and/or curvilinear motion. Alternatively the motion may correspond to the patient's lymphatic system. A motion speed of the pressure changing element may vary. The speed be in the range of 0.1 and 50 cm·s-1, more preferably in the range of 1 to 30 cm·s-1, most preferably in the range of 5 to 15 cm·s-1.

The method may be applied to different body regions such as arms, legs, buttocks, hips, torso or abdomen. The treated area may be at least 0.1 mm2, 1 mm2, 1 cm2, 10 cm2, 25 cm2, 50 cm2 or more. The treated area may be in range 0.1 mm2 to 2 m2, preferably in the range of 1 mm2 to 1 m2, more preferably in the range of 1 cm2 to 500 cm2, most preferably in the range of 2 cm2 to 100 cm2.

The applied pressure may be at least 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10, 60, 200 kPa or up to 400 kPa. The applied pressure may be in the range of 10 Pa to 30 kPa, more preferably in the range of 100 Pa to 20 kPa, even more preferably in the range of 500 Pa to 19 kPa, most preferably in the range of 1 kPa to 15 kPa.

The patient's skin may deflect by the applied positive pressure applied of at least 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 50, 100 mm or more. In the case of negative pressure applied the skin may be deflected oppositely.

The applied pressure may last at least 1 ms, at least 0.5, 1, 5 or 30 s. Alternatively, the pressure may be applied for 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60 minutes or up to 2 hours. In exemplary applications the pressure may be applied for a time period in the range of 1 s to 5 min or in the range of 2 to 30 s. Values of applied pressure may vary during the cycles.

The following table illustrates exemplary treatment protocols

Recom- Recom- mended mended pressure time Characteristic and effects of the Name range [kPa] [min] program Massage  5-11 30 The pressure cells are inflated and deflated in succession. The effect is similar to manual massage. Physio- 3.5-9.5 30 Contributes a rehabilitation of the logical vascular system. Preparation 3.5-9.5 20 Stimulation of body's tissues before further lymphatic treatment. Lymph 3.5-9.5 45 Similar to manual lymphatic drainage massage. The most suitable program for aesthetic medicine. Elephan- 3.5-11  45 The pressure cells are inflated in tiasis succession and remain inflated. Improve lymph flow. Venopress 2.5-7   30 The program for increasing blood flow in peripheries. Helps to prevent vascular problems. Embro- 3.5-9.5 45 Sequential inflating of single cation pressure cell in order to ensure careful removing of lymphatic fluid. Reversed 3.5-9.5 45 Pressure cells are inflated in preset combination pattern. Successively pushing the lymphatic mass proximally.

The combined treatment using the magnetic field and application of pressure to the patient may provide a massage effect, improve blood and/or lymph circulation or provide anti-edematous effect. A removing of the adipose cells, local metabolism including the local metabolism of the adipose cells, elastogenesis and/or neocollagenesis may be accelerated. The adipose cells may be reduced by natural catabolism. Due to improved blood and/or lymph circulation a panniculitis may be prevented. Erythema may also be reduced.

The skin tightening effect may occur. Hence the skin appearance may obtain younger and smoother appearance.

Further improved regeneration of the treated biological structure such as a muscle may be promoted hence a muscle fatigue may occur after longer time period and the treatment may last longer. Enhanced results may be achieved compared to the treatment by single methods.

The magnetic treatment may be combined with application of mechanical waves. One type of mechanical waves may be shock waves and/or acoustic waves which are characterized by steep pressure amplitude growth in comparison to the surrounding pressure. The shock wave is further characterized by non-linearity during the propagation. The positive peak pressure is above 0.1 MPa, more preferably 3 MPa, even more preferably at least 7 MPa, most preferably at least 15 MPa or up to 150 MPa. The pulse duration of the shock wave (based on the time the pressure exceeds a half value of peak positive pressure) may be preferably in the range of hundreds of nanoseconds to tens of microseconds.

Shock waves may propagate naturally non-focused/radial, planar or moderately focused. Non-focused/radial, planar shock waves are characterized by smooth/soft propagation and therefore these waves are preferred. A pneumatic principle of generating shock waves may be performed by pressurized gas vibrating a percussion guide or by ballistic shock waves which may be generated by striking of a bullet inside a guiding tube to a percussion guide. The bullet may be accelerated by pressurized gas, electric field, magnetic field, spring or other technique.

Shock waves may differ from ultrasound waves. The difference may be in waveform and/or in its propagation. Significant differences may also be in physical effect of ultrasound and shock waves on the treated tissue, particularly a cavitation effect. Shock waves may reduce the cavitation and the violent break up of cells resulting from the cavitation.

The treatment method may use the magnetic treatment and the treatment by shock waves enabling improvement of the biological structure such as soft tissue, e.g. a connective tissue in the skin area such as collagen, elastin and/or adipose cells in epidermis, dermis, hypodermis and/or in peritoneal cavity. The structures below the skin such as a muscle may remain untreated and/or unharmed. Alternatively the treatment may also create micro-disruptions of the treated tissue, create a movement, rotation or polarization of particles by the magnetic field. The improvement of the connective tissue may be promoted by collagen and/or elastin generation and/or remodeling. Alternatively the adipose cells may be reduced.

The combined treatment may result in increased cell membrane permeability, which may result in increased liquefying of adipose cells or lipolysis. Combination of both treatment methods may highly reduce a risk of adipose cells inflammation.

The combined treatment may improve lymph and/or blood flow. Further the treatment by shock waves may provide a pain relief and/or myorelaxation effect. Similar effects may also be provided by the treatment methods using the magnetic field hence the effect may be provided by two different synergic treatments. The results achieved by combined treatment are more significant than results achieved by single method application.

The shock waves may be applied to the patient prior, during and/or after applying the magnetic field to the patient.

The shock waves applied prior the application of magnetic field may mechanically disrupt larger clusters of adipose cells to smaller clusters which may be better treated by the magnetic field.

Treatment may be applied to the patient, particularly to the body region including calf, thighs, saddlebags, buttocks, abdomen, love handles, bra fat region, arms, face, neck, breasts, shoulders and/or thorax. The present method may be used for treatment of sexual issues such as erectile dysfunction. Treatment may be targeted to the cavities of the body, e.g. mouth, vagina or anus.

The applicator may be moved along the lymphatic vessels. The treatment may increase the velocity of lymph flow in lymph vessels. Proper movement of the applicator may be performed by the operator via direct or indirect control and/or by a robotic system. The applicator may be moved in continuous longitudinal movements. Alternatively the movement may be of any shape e.g. a loop, circular and/or random. The applicator may also be moved in straight line. The movement of the applicator may be in a direction from the center of the treated body part to its periphery. Movement of the applicator may also be in the direction from the periphery of the treated body part towards the body. Continuous movement may be directed to one or more lymph nodes e.g. lymph nodes in the groins. Exemplary treatments may be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/471,946.

A repetition rate of the shock waves may be in the range of 0.1 to 100 Hz, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 50 Hz, most preferably in the range of 1 to 40 Hz.

An energy flux density of the shock wave may be in the range of 0.001 and 160 mW·mm-2, more preferably in the range of 0.001 to 100 mW·mm-2, most preferably in the range of 0.001 to 50 mW·mm-2.

Methods may include a direct contact of the applicator with the tissue which may result in a deflection of the tissue by the applicator. The deflection may be in the range of 0.01 to 30 mm, 0.02 to 20 mm or 0.05 to 10 mm.

A surface of an energy delivery element providing shock waves may be at least 0.01 cm2, preferably in the range of 0.05 to 50 cm2, more preferably in the range of 0.75 to 40 cm2, most preferably in the range of 0.1 to 35 cm2.

The direct contact of the applicator with the tissue may form a recess in the tissue during the treatment. The recess may be in the range of 0.01 to 80 mm, 0.1 to 60 mm, 0.5 to 40 mm or 0.1 to 35 mm.

The magnetic field and shock waves may be applied with a ratio which may provide significant results, optimal treatment and minimal adverse effects. The ratio between the repetition rate of the magnetic field and the frequency of shock waves (Hz/Hz) may be in the range of 0.001 to 50, more preferably in the range of 0.02 to 30, most preferably in the range of 0.06 to 15.

Another type of mechanical waves may be ultrasound waves. Ultrasound waves are characterized by periodic pressure oscillation during propagation and possible cavitation effect within the target biological structure, e.g. in adipose tissue.

A cavitation is a formation of gas bubbles in a fluid environment which occurs during a negative pressure wave in a liquid. Ultrasonic cavitation bubbles represent acoustic inhomogeneity in which incoming acoustic energy is absorbed and dissipated. Due to high frequency of the ultrasound waves, the acoustic energy may cause rapid growth of cavitation bubbles and cavitation effects, with breakup of the bubbles and violent damage of the surrounding tissue, e.g. adipose cells.

A rate of generating such microdamages may be in the range of 1 to 1000 per second, preferably in the range 5 to 800 per second, even more preferably in the range 10 to 750 per second, most preferably in the range of 50 to 500 or up to 10000 per second. Alternatively the rate of generation the microdamages may be higher.

The ultrasound waves may be focused, unfocused or weakly focused.

Generally, the ultrasound waves are generated in a frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz, preferably in the range of 1 to 20 MHz, more preferably in the range of 2 to 12 MHz, even more preferably in the range of 3 to 10 MHz, most preferably in the range of 4 to 7 MHz. The frequency of the generated ultrasound waves may vary depending on an application, a depth of penetration and/or a target biological structure.

Ultrasound waves of power density up to 1 W/cm2 and frequency in the range of 1 to 20 MHz may be used for medical imaging. Imaging ultrasound waves may be used for targeting the target biological structure which may be treated. Imaging ultrasound waves avoid heating and/or the cavitation effect due to low power density.

A power of the treatment ultrasound waves used for the present method may be in the range of 0.1 to 200 W, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 100 W, more preferably, even more in the range of 1 to 50 W, most preferably in the range of 2 to 20 W, or up to 10 kW.

A power density of the ultrasound waves may be in the range of 0.1 W/cm2 to 1 kW/cm2, more preferably in the range of 10 to 500 W/cm2, most preferably in the range of 20 to 100 W/cm2.

Energy applied to the target biological structure may be 0.1, 1, 10, 50, 100, 500 J or more. An exemplary applied energy may be in the range of 0.1 J to 1 kJ, preferably in the range of 1 to 500 J, more preferably in the range of 5 to 250 J, most preferably in the range of 10 to 100 J.

A frequency of the ultrasound waves used for an aesthetic treatment may be in the range of at least 100 kHz, e.g. in the range of 0.5 to 100 MHz, preferably in the range of 1 to 50 MHz, more preferably in the range of 2 to 30 MHz, even more preferably in the range of 3 to 20 MHz, most preferably in the range of 5 to 15 MHz. The frequency may vary within one treatment. A plurality of ultrasound waves of different frequency may be applied to achieve different treatment effects such as ablation, coagulation, cavitation or non-thermal effect.

The ultrasound waves may be applied in pulses. Time duration of the pulses may be in the range of 1 μs to 60 s, more preferably in the range of 1 to 5000 ms, even more preferably in the range of 5 to 750 ms, most preferably in the range of 50 to 500 ms. Alternatively the ultrasound waves may be applied continuously.

A repetition rate of the pulses may be at least 0.1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 Hz, or more. The high repetition rate of the pulses in order of kHz may also be used, e.g. 1 or 5 kHz.

Further, ultrasound waves may generate heat within the target biological structure, e.g. adipose cells. A temperature of the target biological structure may be e.g. in the range of 37 to 60° C. or in the range of 43 to 48° C. Apoptosis of the adipose cells may be induced. The treatment device may include a temperature sensor for adjusting the power of the ultrasound waves to maintain the target biological structure within optimal temperature range.

The treatment may last at least 5 seconds, preferably at least 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 60 minutes or up to 240 minutes.

An applicator may be moveable. A motion of the applicator may follow a predetermined trajectory, e.g. scanning motion may be used. Alternatively zig-zag, curvilinear or circular motion may be used.

The treatment device may calculate a correct speed of the motion. Further the speed of the motion may be monitored by at least one sensor and the treatment device may provide information to the operator. A human machine interface may notify the operator in a human perceptible form that the speed of the motion is incorrect. A notification may be visual, e.g. flashing light or light change; audible such as beep; or mechanically perceptible form such as vibration of the applicator. The speed may be adjusted following the patient's needs.

Following the speed of the motion the pulses may be spaced apart in distances in the range of 0.01 to 25 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm, even more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 mm, most preferably in the range of 1 to 3 mm.

The target biological structure such as adipose cells in a fat layer may be targeted by imaging ultrasound. The imaging ultrasound may be used for adjusting the frequency, focus and/or energy of the treatment ultrasound. The ultrasound energy may be delivered to the target biological structure where the cavitation effect or heat may be generated.

A specific depth of the fat layer may be treated due to specific penetration depth and/or the focus which may be adjusted by the operator. The specific depth may be at least 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150 mm or more. Exemplary depth may be in the range of 0 to 150 mm, more preferably in the range of 1 to 100 mm, even more preferably in the range of 5 to 50, most preferably in the range of 5 to 30 mm.

Alternatively the treatment method may be applied to shallow layers of the skin such as in the depth up to several millimeters, e.g. in the range of 0.01 to 20 mm, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 mm, even more preferably in the range of 0.2 to 5 mm, most preferably in the range of 0.75 to 3 mm.

An ultrasound waves generating element may be coupled to the patient's skin. Alternatively the ultrasound waves generating element may be in the applicator in mechanical waves transmitting medium, e.g. a fluid such as water or oil, alternatively rigid transmitting medium may be used. The ultrasound waves transmission from the applicator to the patient may be enabled by ultrasound gel.

The treatment method may be used for reducing adipose cells in number and/or in volume, further the method may reduce cellulite appearance. The treatment may cause lipolysis, preferably apoptosis of the adipose cells. Adipose cell metabolism may also be increased. Further blood and/or lymph flow or local metabolism may increase.

The treatment by ultrasound waves may be preferably combined with another mechanical treatment which may provide physical damage of large adipose cells cluster to smaller clusters to provide enhanced results. Further the combined mechanical treatment method may move and/or stretch the fibrous septae hence the cellulite appearance may also be reduced.

Alternatively the method may be used for enhancing a visual appearance of a skin. Enhancing the visual appearance of the skin may be interpreted as an increase of skin elasticity or collagen and/or elastin production; reduction of adipose cells in number and/or volume, scars, stretch marks, wrinkles or circumferential reduction. Enhancing the visual appearance of the skin may result in skin rejuvenation or skin tightening effect, skin laxity may also be reduced.

The treatment may be applied to the face of the patient. The skin compartments, e.g. elastic fibers such as collagen or elastin may be remodeled and/or a new production of the elastic fibers may be promoted. Non-invasive treatment method reduces downtime for recovery comparing to currently used invasive methods. Further the method may be comfortable for the patient.

In general the mechanical treatment may be applied prior, during or after the treatment by magnetic field. The blood and/or lymph flow may be increased, metabolism may be improved. Further collagen and/or elastin production may increase.

Shock, acoustic and/or ultrasound waves may break large clusters of adipose cells into smaller clusters which may be better metabolized. The shock wave may also provide a relaxation effect for the treated body region hence the treated body region may be prepared for the following magnetic treatment.

Alternatively shock waves may be applied after the magnetic treatment to promote lipolysis and/or adipose cells apoptosis influencing ER stress which may result from the applied magnetic field prior the shock waves application.

Alternatively the positive and/or negative pressure application may prepare a metabolism for the treatment by magnetic field.

The ultrasound waves applied prior the magnetic field may cause damages to adipose cells, e.g. a disruption. Further the ultrasound waves may heat the adipose cell and/or liquefy the adipose tissue. The adipose cells may be metabolized at higher quality by the following magnetic treatment promoting local metabolism, blood and/or lymph flow. Further the applied magnetic field may promote a lipolysis by the muscle contraction.

Exemplary application of a combined treatment may be application of ultrasound waves for damaging the adipose cells followed by the magnetic treatment. The shock waves may be subsequently applied to promote a lymph circulation and/or enhance metabolism of the treated adipose cells.

Another exemplary application may be application of positive and/or negative pressure simultaneously with the magnetic field. The local metabolism, blood and/or lymph flow may be improved as well. Further skin tightening effect may be achieved.

The time-varying magnetic field may treat biological structures below the skin such as a muscle. Induced muscle contraction may move the skin layer. On the other hand, the mechanical treatment may influence the skin, the layers below the skin may be less influenced due to dissipation of the pressure within the skin layers. Combination of the mechanical treatment and the magnetic treatment may provide a complex treatment method enhancing visual appearance of the patient's body by, e.g. reducing adipose cells or cellulite appearance; providing smoother skin and/or increasing skin elasticity or shaping the muscle. The combined treatment may achieve the treatment effect in significantly shorter time periods compared to single treatment methods.

The magnetic field may be combined with application of heat and/or cold. The body region may be heated/cooled. The target biological structures may be selectively treated due to different tolerance of various biological structures to heating/cooling. Applying of heat/cold may improve metabolism of the biological structure, alternatively a reduction of the biological structure may occur.

Various biological structures have a different tolerance to heating/cooling. Hence target biological structures may be remodeled, e.g. adipose cells may be selectively reduced. The cells different from adipose cells such as epidermal cells, are not reduced by the heating/cooling. The selective reduction of adipose cell may be caused by e.g. crystallization within adipose cells. The heating/cooling of the adipose cell may reduce the number and/or volume of adipose cells by lipolysis, apoptosis and/or necrosis.

Although the following exemplary treatment describes applying cold to the patient, the treatment method is not limited to the exemplary application. The method may include heating the patient instead of cooling the patient.

The cooling may be provided in a contact, indirect contact and/or non-contact manner. Contact cooling may be provided by a cooling element placed to the proximity of the treated body region, e.g. a thermally conductive material such as metal, gel or ice may be used. Indirect contact may be provided by a flow of cooling media within a layer of flexible and/or rigid material, e.g. cooling media such as glycerol, saline or water solution may be used. The cooling element may include a plurality of passages which the cooling media may flow in. Non-contact cooling may be provided by radiant cooling. Alternatively cooling media may be applied directly on the body region. The cooling media used for non-contact heating/cooling may be preferably a fluid, e.g. a gas or liquid. The gas may be applied in form of a spray, e.g. cold air, CO2 or N2 may be used. The cooling media may be at a predetermined temperature which may be controlled by the device to induce selective treatment of the target biological structure.

In an exemplary application the adipose cells may be selectively treated by cooling. A cooling media may be applied to the body region. A reduction of adipose cell may be induced by cooling the adipose cell. The cells different from adipose cells are not reduced by the cooling.

The temperature of the cooling media and/or element may be less than the temperature of the patient's body. The temperature of cooling media may be at least −196° C. The temperature of the cooling element may be preferably in the range of 40 to −40° C., more preferably in the range of 20 to −20° C., even more preferably in the range of 10 to −15° C. or in the range of 5 to −10° C. A temperature of the adipose cells may be above a freezing point of water to prevent a reduction of cells including water. The temperature of the adipose cells may be preferably in the range of 37 to −10° C., more preferably in the range of 20 to −4° C., even more preferably in the range of 15 to −2° C. or around 4° C. The temperature of epidermis may be at least −40, −20, —10, 15, 20, 35° C., more preferably the temperature of epidermis may be in the range of around 5 to −5° C. The term around may be interpreted to mean in the range of 10% of the particular value.

Alternatively the body are may be heated by application of various treatment methods, e.g. radiofrequency, diathermy or optical waves. The temperature in the target tissue may be up to 80° C., more preferably in the range of 37 to 60° C., even more preferably in the range of 39 to 50° C., most preferably in the range of 42 to 47° C. The temperature may be adjusted based on the intended use, e.g. adipose tissue reduction or collagen production.

The temperature of adipose cells may vary during the treatment. The temperature of the adipose cells may oscillate around a predetermined temperature. The temperature of the adipose cells may also follow a temperature profile in a predefined temperature range. The temperature and/or the temperature range may be adjusted following the patient's needs.

Alternatively the adipose cells may be heated prior, during and/or after cooling. The term “heat prior” refers to preheating the adipose cells before cooling treatment. The term “heat during” refers to cyclically changing periods of cooling and heating the adipose cells during the treatment. The treatment may also include passive periods between heating and/or cooling. The term “passive period” refers to applying neither heating nor cooling. The term “heat after” refers to applying heat after the cooling treatment. The periods of heating/cooling and/or passive periods may be adjusted following by the patient's need.

The cooling may be applied for at least 10 seconds. Time duration of cooling the body region may be in the range of 1 to 240 minutes, more preferably in the range of 5 to 120 minutes, even more preferably 10 to 60 minutes, most preferably up to 30 minutes.

The cooling element and/or media may be applied continuously and/or in pulses. Continuous application may be used for a cooling element and/or media at a temperature above 0° C. Pulsed mode may be used for application of fluids below 0° C. The cooling may be provided cyclically for short periods in order of milliseconds, e.g. N2 may be applied cyclically to prevent damage to epidermis/dermis. The cooling element and/or media may be applied preferably non-invasively, e.g. by topical application. Alternatively the cooling element and/or media may be applied subcutaneously, e.g. injected.

The cooling element may correspond with the body region. The cooling element may be adjustable in shape to fit the body region. The cooling element may be made of flexible material to be modified in shape to follow the shape and/or contour of the body region. A fitting of the cooling element may provide homogenous treatment and/or temperature distribution. Further the heat exchange may be optimized at the contacted surface.

A treatment may induce a thermal gradient in the body region, i.e. the shallow layer of the skin such as epidermis and/or dermis may have a lower temperature than the deeper layer such as adipose tissue. The effect of cooling may be improved by limiting and/or eliminating dermal blood flow. The dermal blood flow may be limited by applying vasoconstrictive medicine, preferably topically administered.

The dermal blood flow may also be limited and/or eliminated by applying a pressure. The pressure greater than systolic blood pressure may be used for pushing the blood out of the dermal and/or subcutaneous veins. The deeper adipose cells may be cooled and/or the cooling of the adipose cells to the temperature sufficient to reducing the adipose cells may be reached in shorter time period. Furthermore appropriate contact of the cooling element may be provided by the pressure in case of contact treatment.

The treatment effect may also be enhanced by applying negative pressure to the skin below the applicator, e.g. a convex cooling element may be used. The skin may be pulled towards the inner surface of the cooling element. Hence the contact may be enabled by applying negative pressure. Alternatively, the folded tissue may be pinched by two or more cooling elements and the cooling may be applied to the tissue, particularly to adipose cells. Further the skin may be stretched and a thickness of the skin may decrease. Skin thickness decrease may promote improved heat transfer to/from adipose cells.

The cooling may be applied with application mechanical treatment such as acoustic, ultrasound, and/or shockwave treatment to enable more homogenous treatment effect. The adipose cells reduction may also be promoted by physical movement of the body region by e.g. massaging, or vibrations. The pressure applied to the body region may vary to improve the results.

An apoptotic index may increase after cooling the body region. The apoptotic index refers to a percentage of apoptotic cells in specimen. The apoptotic index may increase due to cooling up to ten times greater value compared with the value prior the cooling.

Based on the apoptotic index a treatment combining various methods may be designed as a tailor-made solution following the patient's need. The cooling may be applied to the body region of the patient prior, during and/or after applying a magnetic field to the patient.

A pain relieving medicament may be provided during the treatment if the patient is more sensitive to decreased temperature. A topical application may be preferred. The pain relief effect may be provided by a magnetic field of repetition rate at least 100 Hz, more preferably 120 Hz, even more preferably at least 140 Hz or at least 180 Hz. The pain relieving effect may be provided before, during or after the treatment.

Cooling the body region prior to applying the magnetic field may influence a metabolism of adipose cells. Alternatively, the cooling of the adipose cells may induce apoptosis, lipolysis, autophagy and/or disruption of the adipose cells. A release of FFA from adipose cells may induce ER stress as recited above. The application of the magnetic field may cause at least partial muscle contraction reducing the adipose cells. Furthermore the released FFA from adipose cells influenced by cooling may be used as energy source for muscle work. Hence the cooling may be followed by treating a patient by magnetic field inducing at least partial muscle contraction. Due to the combined effect of cooling and magnetic treatment the adipose cells may be reduced in number and/or volume. Moreover the muscles may be shaped, tightened, strengthened and/or the volume of the muscle may increase. Additionally, the cellulite appearance may be reduced due to muscle work.

The magnetic treatment may provide a massage effect. Hence blood and/or lymph flow may be improved. Additionally frozen tissue may be relaxed.

The combined magnetic treatment may be applied immediately after conventional non-invasive and/or invasive aesthetic treatment method, more preferably around 0.01 to 24 hours after a conventional treatment, e.g. 1, 2, 8 or 20 hours. The combined treatment may be applied periodically. Alternatively, the treatment by conventional non-invasive and/or invasive aesthetic treatment method and/or magnetic field may be applied separately, e.g. treatments may alternate in appropriate periods. The period may last from 12 hours to 1 month, more preferably from 1 day to 2 weeks, most preferably from 3 days to 1 week.

In an exemplary application of the treatment method a patient's body region may be cooled by a cooling element for e.g. at least 20 minutes up to 1 hour. After stopping the cooling the body region may be treated by magnetic field for e.g. 15 to 45 minutes.

Cooling the body region may be applied simultaneously while the body region is treated by magnetic field within one treatment.

The magnetic cooling may be provided to the patient while the patient is being treated by magnetic field.

Alternatively, cooling may alternate with treatment by magnetic field, i.e. the magnetic field is applied when cooling is not provided to the patient or vice versa. Periods of alternating cooling and magnetic treatment may vary.

The magnetic field may be preferably applied in burst mode. Each burst contains train of magnetic impulses and a period of no magnetic treatment. The train may include a plurality of magnetic impulses. A number of magnetic impulses may vary in the range of at least 1 to 10000 impulses, more preferably in the range of at least 10 to 1000 impulses. The time duration of the train and/or the period of no magnetic treatment may vary in order of milliseconds to order of seconds, e.g. in the range of 100 milliseconds to 100 seconds, more preferably in the range of 1 to 30 seconds, most preferably in the range of 5 to 15 seconds.

In one exemplary application the body region may be cooled for a period of e.g. at least 5 minutes. After stopping the cooling the body region may be treated by a magnetic field for a period of e.g. at least 5 minutes. After stopping the magnetic treatment the body region may be cooled.

The cooling may also be applied after magnetic treatment. The treatment by magnetic field may provide stimulation, pain relief and/or a myorelaxation effect for the treated body area before cooling. The cooling applied with pressure may be better accepted by the adipose tissue when the muscle below the adipose cells is relaxed. Alternatively the magnetic treatment may provide a temporary pain relief effect hence a patient suffering from a lower pain threshold, e.g. cool sensitivity, may be treated.

In an exemplary application the body region may be treated by a magnetic field for a period of e.g. at least 15, 20 or 30 minutes. After stopping the magnetic treatment the body region may be cooled.

The cooling may be applied immediately after magnetic treatment, more preferably around 1 to 24 hours after magnetic treatment, e.g. 1, 2, 8 or 20 hours after magnetic treatment. The combined treatment may be applied periodically.

In an exemplary application of the treatment method a patient's body region may be treated by magnetic field for e.g. at least 20 minutes up to 1 hour. After stopping the magnetic treatment the body region may be treated by cooling for e.g. 15 to 45 minutes.

In the previously described exemplary treatment methods the cooling of the patient may be replaced by heating the patient.

FIGS. 11a and 11b illustrate a device/devices providing the combined treatment to the body region of the patient 43.

FIG. 11a illustrates a treatment device 44 including a connection to power source, a magnetic field generating device 45 and means for providing heating/cooling 46, e.g. RF source or cooling element. In an alternative embodiment the treatment device may include at least one magnetic field generating device which is also able to provide radiofrequency waves.

FIG. 11b illustrates alternative treatment applied to the patient 43 by two separate treatment devices, i.e. by a device providing magnetic treatment 47 and a device providing heating/cooling 48.

All the recited combined treatment methods may be provided by at least one applicator. The applicator may provide cooling and magnetic treatment. Alternatively one applicator may provide cooling and second applicator may provide magnetic treatment.

The target structure may be treated by combined methods which may be used for remodeling the adipose tissue, body shaping and/or contouring, muscle toning, skin tightening, skin rejuvenation, wrinkle removing, reducing stretchmarks, breast lifting, lip enhancement or treatment of cellulite in general by application of electromagnetic radiation to target structure to selectively heat the target tissue to remove and/or remodel adipose tissue from the target tissue. The second approach is to transmit a magnetic treatment to the target structure, inducing at least partial muscle contraction within the target structure to remodel the adipose tissue by natural adipose tissue catabolism. Adipose tissue catabolism may be caused by apoptosis or necrosis of the adipocytes. The muscle contraction caused by induced eddy current is the same as a natural contraction. The adipose tissue may be reduced in natural way. Additionally, the muscle may be shredded in a natural way. Therefore the effect resulting in body shaping and/or contouring may be significantly improved.

The combination of the recited method may improve currently used applications in various aspects and the effect of the treatments may be significantly enhanced. The application of a radiofrequency electromagnetic field may be combined with application of a magnetic field applied before, simultaneously or after the radiofrequency treatment. The application of a magnetic field may induce many benefits for radiofrequency treatment, such as applications inducing at least partial muscle contraction, myorelaxation effect or analgesic effect. The perfusion or metabolism may be improved as well.

The at least partial muscle contraction may induce enhanced effects on adipose tissue reduction by catabolism of the adipose tissue and burning energy from adipose tissue. The total adipose tissue reduction effect may be enhanced by radiofrequency treatment.

Additionally, the at least partial muscle contraction may improve a blood flow and/or perfusion in the treated body region. The improved blood flow may be caused by activation of muscle pump and/or by the muscle necessity of more oxygen due to the at least partial contraction. The blood flow may increase rapidly and it may last temporarily, preferably up to 1 hour, more preferably up to 45 minutes, most preferably up to 30 minutes. Due to increased blood flow and/or local perfusion, the risk of overheated muscle may be limited or even eliminated. Further the homogeneity of the thermal field induced by thermal effect of radiofrequency treatment may be significantly enhanced and/or the temperatures may be well-balanced/compensated in the target body region. Still another benefit may be prevention of creation any hot spot caused by steep thermal gradient.

Due to improved blood flow, perfusion and/or lymph flow the metabolism may be improved. Additionally, the effect of radiofrequency treatment may be enhanced by improved metabolism, e.g. cellulite treatment, body shaping and/or contouring, skin tightening or skin rejuvenation. Further benefit may be reducing or eliminating the risk of panniculitis or local skin inflammation since any clustering of the treated adipocytes may be prevented by the improved metabolism. The improved blood and/or lymph flow may contribute the removing of the adipocytes. The removing of the adipocytes may be promoted by higher number of cells phagocytosing the adipocytes as well. Synergic effects of magnetic and RF treatment may significantly improve metabolism. Therefore the possibility of adverse event occurrence may be limited and treatment results induced by the present invention may be reached in shorter time period.

Further the at least partial muscle contraction may improve the movement of lymphatic vessel and the lymph flow may be improved.

In the preferred application the RF and/or magnetic field may be modulated. In the most preferred application both treatments are modulated. The magnetic treatment may be modulated in the magnetic flux density domain, repetition rate domain, or impulse duration domain, to provide different treatment effects and to prevent adaptation of the target biological structure. The radiofrequency treatment may be modulated in the frequency domain, intensity domain and/or time domain to reach the most complexity and/or efficiency of the target treated biological structure. The modulation in the time domain may be changing the active and passive periods of stimulation, e.g. the radiofrequency treatment may include period with no stimulation, i.e. the radiofrequency treatment may be not continual but the treatment may be provided in pulses. The periods of no stimulation may vary and may be adjusted by the operator. Due to modulation during the treatment, different target biological structures may be treated in the different depth.

The application may be contact or in the preferred application the treatment may be applied contactless. Contactless application may avoid all biocompatibility factors which may occur during contact treatment. In the most preferred application the treatment may be provided by self-operated device. Hence the applicator and/or magnetic field generating device needn't to be guided by the operator. The applicator may be positioned on the patient in static position or it may dynamically move and provide therapy in predetermined pattern. The device, the applicator and/or the magnetic field generating device needn't to be operated by the operator or needn't be under continual operator's surveillance for at least 5, 10, 30, 60, 240 seconds or longer with no risk to the patient. The applicator may be fixed in sufficient distance from the patient's skin enabling the safe treatment for the patient. Self-operated treatment may be provided by a hand-held applicator or the applicator may be fixed to stand-alone device. The self-operated treatment may be also enabled using various types of sensors in communication with the device for monitoring the treatment and/or the patient. The at least one sensor may be e.g. reactive sensor, electrochemical sensor, biosensor, biochemical sensor, temperature sensor, sorption sensor, pH sensor, voltage sensor, sensor for measuring distance of applicator from the patient surface and/or from the treated area, position sensor, motion detector, photo sensor, camera, sound detector, current sensor, sensor for measuring of specific human/animal tissue and/or any suitable sensors measuring biological parameters and/or combination thereof such as sensor for measuring dermal tensile forces, sensor for measuring the activity of the muscle, muscle contraction forces, tissue impedance or skin elasticity.

Further the homogeneity of the treatment may be improved by several approaches. A first approach may be represented by a moveable applicator providing the dynamic treatment to a large target area. The dynamic treatment may improve the homogeneity of applied treatment energy and additionally due to large area the effect is uniform and/or well balanced. Static positioning of the applicator may be used as well. Another approach of improving homogeneity may be represented by using a bolus. The bolus may provide improved transmittance of the electromagnetic energy to the treated biological structures. Additionally, the bolus may prevent occurrence of hot spots within the treated area; the bolus may provide constant temperature to the target treated surface area; or the bolus may increase the homogeneity of the radiofrequency waves application by providing a homogenous medium for electromagnetic waves propagation not being influenced by the interface of the target treated area and an air. The bolus may profile the electromagnetic field to enhance the effect of the treatment. In still another approach an air gap may be between the applicator and the patient.

The treatment by magnetic and/or electromagnetic field may be in continuous or discrete mode. In one application the magnetic treatment may be applied in continual mode with no pauses and the electromagnetic treatment may be applied in pulsed mode to provide improved adipose tissue reduction caused by natural process and by the increased temperature. In another application the electromagnetic treatment may be applied continuously with no pauses and the magnetic treatment may be applied in pulsed mode to provide improved thermal reduction of adipose tissue and by improved metabolism due to improved blood flow. Both modes may be combined in various treatment sequences.

In the preferred application the treatment may be started at the moment when the target biological structure reaches the predetermined temperature. The temperature in the target tissue may be up to 80° C., more preferably in the range of 37 to 60° C., even more preferably in the range of 40 to 45° C. The temperature may be adjusted based on the intended use, e.g. adipose tissue reduction, collagen production or muscle contraction. In an alternative application the intended use may be coagulation and/or ablation. The temperature in the target biological structure may be measured by invasive method, e.g. using an invasive probe; or by contact method, e.g. using thermocouple sensor; or by contactless method, e.g. using infrared sensor or camera. The temperature of the target biological structure may be determined by a mathematic method. The sensor for measuring the temperature in the target biological structure may be attached to the applicator.

A benefit of the application of magnetic treatment and electromagnetic treatment may be causing an analgesic effect of the application and providing a possibility of treating a patient with higher sensitivity for thermal effects induced by electromagnetic treatment, i.e. patients with any predisposition inducing increased thermal sensitivity. The analgesic effect may be induced by magnetic treatment by suitable repetition rates and it may be induced immediately during the magnetic treatment. The analgesic effect may last up to several hours after magnetic treatment. The magnetic flux density of the magnetic treatment may preferably reach at least motor-threshold intensity inducing at least partial muscle contraction therefore the homogeneity of the thermal field may be significantly enhanced.

Another benefit of application the magnetic treatment may be causing a myorelaxation effect. The magnetic treatment may be applied on spastic muscle structures to relieve the hypertonus of the muscle and improving the blood and/or lymph flow. Therefore relieving the hypertoned muscle may contribute to the analgesic effect and contribute to the acceptability of the treatment by the patient.

The blood and/or lymph flow may be limited in the spastic muscles and the metabolism may be limited as well, meaning that the risk of clustering the treated target structures may be higher and possible adverse events may occur. The recited risks may be eliminated by the used of magnetic treatment.

In one aspect of the invention, the treatment by magnetic field may be applied to the target structure before the radiofrequency treatment to prepare the target structure for following treatment by radiofrequency field. The effect of magnetic treatment may be to induce at least partial muscle contraction or to treat a muscle structure to increase a muscular tonus of the target structure. Both effects may provide a massage effect for the structure within the proximity of the target structure hence the blood and/or lymph circulation may be improved to promote local metabolism. The temperature may be locally increased by the improved blood flow and the target structure may accept the following radiofrequency treatment at significantly higher quality. Additionally, the collagen and/or elastin fibers may be remodeled or restored and/or its neogenesis may be improved to provide a younger, smoother, firmer and enhanced skin appearance.

Additionally, previous application may improve acceptability of the electromagnetic field by increasing the temperature of the skin and the transmittance of the electromagnetic field may be improved due to less value of skin impedance. Further the radiofrequency may penetrate deeper target structures relative to treatment without a preceding magnetic treatment of the target structure and/or area.

Another benefit may be releasing the adipose tissue in the muscle by muscle contraction and/or by temperature increase causing better liquidity of adipose tissue. Still another benefit of the at least partial muscle contraction may be mechanical breaking large adipose tissue bulks into smaller bulks which may be easier metabolized and/or the smaller adipose tissue bulks may be removed faster by the lymphatic and/or blood flow. Due to improved metabolism and/or circulation the cellulite may be treated in a short time and the visual effect on skin appearance may be significantly enhanced.

In another aspect of the invention, the treatment by magnetic field may be applied to the target structure simultaneously with the radiofrequency treatment to improve effects of the electromagnetic treatment inducing heat in the target structure.

The simultaneous application of magnetic treatment and radiofrequency treatment may be in two modes: a first mode may generate the magnetic impulses while radiofrequency treatment is active or another mode may generate radiofrequency treatment while the magnetic treatment is not in an active stimulation period, i.e. the period of magnetic treatment and radiofrequency treatment alternates. Both modes amplify the resulting effect of the treatment. Therefore the results may be achieved in significantly shorter time than the same results achieved by separate applications of the radio frequency and magnetic treatments.

The simultaneous method of magnetic treatment and radiofrequency treatment of the target tissue may increase the peak magnetic component of the entire treatment resulting in improved heating of the target structure including containing higher water volume, e.g. skin. Due to increased temperature of skin, the production and/or remodeling of collagen and/or elastin fibers may be improved and the skin may be provided with a younger, smoother, firmer and enhanced appearance. The effect of overheating the muscle may be reduced by the improved blood flow.

In still another aspect of the invention, the treatment by magnetic field may be applied to the target structure after the treatment by electromagnetic field to enhance and/or contribute to the effects of radiofrequency treatment by influencing the target structure by magnetic field.

The magnetic field may treat the target structure to cause at least partial muscle contraction proximate to the target structure to improve blood flow and provide homogenous temperature distribution at high quality after creating a temperature distribution at lower quality by radiofrequency treatment.

All of the methods may be provided by the above recited technical solutions. The above mentioned methods may be used separately or in any combination.

The method may cause the circumferential reduction i.e. a reduction of the size of the treated body region. The method may be mostly indicated for the regions with cellulite, especially for buttocks, saddlebags, love handles, abdomen, hips, thighs or arms. However, the indication is not limited to the mentioned regions and the method may be used for treatment of any other body region.

The at least one applicator may include at least one magnetic field generating device. The plurality of magnetic field generating devices may be positioned in isolated locations of the at least one applicator. Alternatively, the magnetic field generating devices may be positioned next to each other, in an array or matrix, in a pattern or in randomized locations of the at least applicator.

The magnetic field generating devices may be positioned and/or moved in the at least one applicator in one plane; in at least two mutually tilted planes defined by a convex or concave angle, or perpendicular to each other; or in at least two parallel planes with the at least one magnetic field generating device in each parallel plane. The movement of the at least one magnetic field generating device may be translational and/or rotational, constant or accelerated. The movement may follow a predetermined, random or predefined trajectory, such as a pattern, array or matrix. The movement of the at least one applicator may be handled in similar manner as the movement of the at least one magnetic field generating device. The angles of the planes and/or the movement of the at least one magnetic field generating device may be adjusted by an operator following the patient's needs. The positioning may be provided by mechanical holder, enabling tilting, distancing and positioning magnetic field generating device in various planes. In an alternative embodiment the patient may be positioned in the intersection of the magnetic fields generated by the plurality of magnetic field generating devices. In the preferred application the at least one applicator may be movable and the movement may be circular.

The plurality of magnetic field generating devices may be positioned within one applicator having form of mechanical holder. The shape of the applicator having form of mechanical holder may be adjustable, e.g. the applicator may include at least one moveable part. In a preferred embodiment the applicator having form of mechanical holder may provide spatial arrangement of the energy delivery elements in one axis, two axes or three axes and/or provide tilting and/or rotation. The applicator having form of mechanical holder may provide fixation of the at least one magnetic field generating device in one position. The moveable parts may be connected by sliding mechanism and/or by a joint mechanism. An exemplary embodiment of such an applicator may be found in U.S. Pat. No. 9,468,774, incorporated herein by reference. The applicator may be adjustable following the body region and/or biological structure.

The present methods may also induce muscle contraction to reduce effect of skin laxity. Skin laxity may be caused by e.g. aging process or increasing number and/or volume of adipose cells which pulls down the skin by gravity, rapid weight loss or skin stretching during the pregnancy. The muscles may be treated by the induced electric current to contract. Repetitive contractions may cause the muscles to obtain the tonus and flexibility. Therefore the skin appearance may be enhanced by treating the flabby muscles. The effect of skin tightening may be achieved. The method also may promote the collagen and elastin fibers in the layers subtending the epidermis hence the skin may obtain enhanced visual appearance. The method may be widely applied but not limited to application to the regions of neck, breasts, arms or abdomen. The method may provide the smoother and younger appearance of the skin to the patient.

Similar methods of the muscle structure treatment by time-varying magnetic field for inducing the at least partial muscle contraction may be used for treatment of wrinkles as well. Wrinkles are results of extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Nowadays, wrinkles are considered to be negative effect of natural aging process which decreases the production of collagen and elastin fibers and weakens the skin which becomes thinner. As the muscle treatment by the magnetic flux density may induce at least partial muscle contraction, the collagen and elastin fibers neogenesis may be improved. Additionally, the muscles subtending the treated region may be toned and the skin may obtain a younger and enhanced visual appearance. Therefore, the effect of skin tightening may be achieved.

Wrinkles may be prevented or reduced by practicing facial exercises which may cause a massage effect to the facial tissues, improving blood and lymph circulation. Additionally, the facial muscles may be relaxed and toned after the exercise. A similar effect as facial exercise may be achieved by non-invasive and/or contactless method of treating the facial muscles by magnetic flux density. Further additional advantage of the present method may be the improvement of restoration of the collagen and elastin fibers, more effective toning and strengthening of the facial muscles.

The present methods may improve the neogenesis and remodeling of collagen fibers in the lips to reach a full, plump and firmer appearance. The magnetic flux density may be applied to the lips by an applicator. Therefore the lips may become fuller and firmer without any need of invasive method such as injection of the synthetic fillers, permanent makeup or the facial implants. The present method may promote the remodeling and/or neogenesis of collagen fibers in a natural way. Additionally, the collagen is natural substance of the human body which may provide the elasticity to the structure.

The present methods may be used for enhancing the visual appearance of breasts. Cooper's ligament may be treated, improved and/or firmed by the at least partial muscle contraction. The treatment may induce the elevation of the breast tissue. Additionally, the breast tissue may be treated to be modified in a shape, wherein the shape includes the size and/or the contour of the breast tissue. Therefore the visual appearance may be enhanced and breasts may be more attractive for the patient. The present method may be a non-invasive alternative for current aesthetic surgery method for the treatment of sagging breast tissue. The present method may provide a patient a method of breast visual appearance enhancement without surgery. Therefore the method lacks post-surgery complications such as scars, postoperative pain or long recovery period. Various treatment protocols may be used.

Following the recited methods the treatment may be but is not limited to continuous, pulsed, randomized or burst. The impulse may be but not limited to monophasic, polyphasic, biphasic and/or static magnetic field. In the preferred application the magnetic impulse may be in biphasic regime, i.e. it is consisted of two phases, preferably positive and negative.

In the preferred application of the present method the trains of pulses, called bursts are used.

Repetition rate and/or magnetic flux density may vary during the treatment protocol. Further the treatment may include several periods of different repetition rates, therefore the modulation may be in repetition rate domain. The treatment may include several periods of different magnetic flux densities, therefore the modulation may be in magnetic flux density domain. Alternatively the treatment may include different impulse durations, therefore the modulation may be in impulse duration domain. In yet another approach the treatment may be modulated by any combinations thereof.

Various envelopes and/or waveforms, e.g. pulse, sinusoidal, rectangular, square, triangular, saw-tooth, trapezoidal, exponential etc. for the purpose of muscle treatment may also be used, and are not limited to recited shapes.

The values of magnetic flux density and repetition rate are cited in several preferred applications since the perception of the treatment is subjective. Nevertheless, the magnetic flux density and repetition rates are not limited by the recited values. A person skilled in the physical therapy is able to repeat and apply the treatment methods adjusting the magnetic flux density and/or repetition rate following the patient's sensitivity or needs.

The present method is not limited to be used independently. For enhancing the results the methods may be used in combination with other conventional non-invasive and/or invasive aesthetic treatment method.

A combined treatment may improve the blood flow, create micro-disruptions of treated tissue such as adipose cells, and/or create movement, rotation or polarization of particles by induced current and/or magnetic field which increase the temperature of treated tissue. The combined treatment may result in increased cell membrane permeability resulting in increased liquefying of clusters of adipose cells and/or lipolysis. The combined treatment highly reduces the risk side effect associated with currently used treatment methods such as occurrence of e.g. panniculitis or swelling.

An exemplary application of the combined treatment method may use application of cold, mechanical stimulation, heating and magnetic field. Such application may be cooling the body region and maintaining the adipose cells to the temperature in the range of 15 to −2° C. Cooling may cool the adipose cells and the adipose cells may be at least partially damaged. Further the mechanical stimulation may be applied to the body region to break large clusters to smaller clusters of adipose cells. Further the body region may be heated by e.g. radiofrequency treatment. The smaller clusters of adipose cells may be heated by the radiofrequency waves more homogenously compared to heating of the large adipose cells cluster. Finally the time-varying magnetic field may be applied to the body region. The induced muscle contraction may improve blood and/or lymph flow. The treated adipose cells may be better metabolized and/or removed from the treated body region. Further the muscle contraction may metabolize released FFA as a primary energy source.

Another exemplary application may use heating the adipose cells by radiofrequency waves. Alternatively the adipose cells may be heated by ultrasound waves or light. Additionally, the cavitation may induce disruption of the adipose cells. Further the magnetic treatment may cause the muscle contraction increasing blood and/or lymph flow. The muscle contraction may metabolize released FFA as a primary energy source. Further the mechanical stimulation may provide the massage effect for the treated body region for better regeneration and/or faster removing lactate and/or metabolic products. Alternatively the exemplary application may include cooling the body region after applying mechanical stimulation to improve reducing of the adipose cells.

Still another exemplary application may use heating the adipose cells by radiofrequency waves. Alternatively the adipose cells may be heated by ultrasound waves or light. Further the shock waves may be applied to the body region to break large clusters to smaller clusters of adipose cells and/or improve the blood and/or lymph flow to prepare the treated body region for treatment by magnetic field. The following magnetic field may cause muscle contraction, metabolize released FFA. Finally, the shock waves may provide the massage effect for the treated body region for better regeneration and/or faster removing lactate and/or metabolic products.

The combined treatment may be applied for at least 10 seconds. Time duration of the combined treatment of the body region may be in the range of 1 to 240 minutes, more preferably in the range of 5 to 120 minutes, even more preferably 10 to 60 minutes, most preferably up to 30 minutes.

Each treatment method of the combined treatment, e.g. magnetic, mechanic or thermal treatment, may be applied immediately after a precedent treatment method, more preferably around 1 to 24 hours after the precedent treatment method, e.g. 1, 2, 8 or 20 hours after the precedent treatment method. The combined treatment may be applied periodically.

Alternatively, the combined treatment may be applied separately, e.g. treatments may alternate in appropriate periods. The period may last from 12 hours to 1 month, more preferably from 1 day to 2 weeks, most preferably from 3 days to 1 week.

All the recited methods may be applied to a patient in a non-invasive and/or contactless way. Therefore the present methods provide an effective alternative approach of enhancing the visual appearance with no need of invasive treatment or surgery. Further, the visual results are appreciable after several treatments. Additionally, the results include not only the visual appearance enhancement but even the improvement of the muscle structures, hence the patient feels firmer and tighter. The muscle structures become toned with no need of any diet or spending time by exercising in fitness.

The patient may feel firmer and/or tighter. The skin may be also tighter. Additionally, adipose tissue reduction may occur. Furthermore, cellulite may be reduced as well.

Further the present methods may be used for treatment of disease of urogenital and/or digestive tract, e.g. improvement of circulation and/or trophic problems, faecal incontinence, urinal incontinence (stress or urge), neuromuscular dysfunction of bladder, mixed incontinence, sexual dysfunction, priapism, erectile dysfunction, orgasmic disorder, fertility issues, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, pain in pelvic area, hyperplasia of prostate, prostatitis, prostatodynia syndrome, dysmenorrhea, vulvodynia, pain and other conditions associated with menstrual cycle, menopausal and/or postmenopausal disorders, cystitis (such as interstitial), inflammatory disease of uterus or cervix uteri, parametris, peritonitis, vaginitis, vulvitis, endometriosis, genital prolapse, hemorrhoids, peripheral paresis or pelvic floor issues in general. The present methods may be used for muscle strengthening, muscle relaxation, regeneration after childbirth (such as pelvic floor prolapse), vaginal tightening or scar treating.

Alternatively the combined treatment may influence a sport performance. The combined treatment may be used for regeneration after sport performance and/or for recovering of the athletes after injuries by regenerating the muscles, improving local metabolism, preventing atrophy and/or by selective training of correct motion patterns. Hence a muscle memory and/or motion coordination of the athlete may be improved as well.

The magnetic flux density derivative is an important parameter for inducing a muscle contraction. The value of magnetic flux density derivative corresponds with induced current within a target biological structure, i.e. in a muscle. The higher the magnetic flux density derivative value, the stronger the muscle contraction is induced. A static magnetic field cannot of course induce a muscle contraction because the static magnetic field has no magnetic flux density derivative. On the other hand, a time-varying magnetic field is characterized by a magnetic flux density derivative. Magnetic flux density derivative is related to a rate of magnetic flux density change in time. In an exemplary sinusoidal magnetic field pulse, the magnetic field is characterized by peak-to-peak value of magnetic flux density (herein after as MFDpp) and by magnetic flux density derivative. Magnetic flux density derivative varies in time following the shape of the magnetic pulse. The magnetic flux density derivative changes with the slope of the sinusoidal magnetic field pulse, even though the magnetic field is the same and the time span is the same as well. The value of the magnetic flux density doesn't have to correspond to the magnetic flux density derivative, e.g., if the magnetic pulse is shorter or equal to MFDpp, then the value of MFD′ is higher. The MFDpp value is not equal to the MFD′

Thus, novel devices and methods have been shown and described. Various changes and substitutions may of course be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The invention, therefore, should not be limited, except by the following claims and their equivalents.

The following U.S. Patent Applications and their combinations with this patent application are incorporated herein by reference: 62/357,679; Ser. No. 15/344,811; 62/440,912; 62/440,905; 62/440,922; 62/440,936; 62/440,940; 62/441,805; Ser. Nos. 15/473,390; 15/601,719. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. An aesthetic method for treating a patient which increases volume of a muscle of the patient using a device including a connection to an energy source, an energy storage device, a switching device and a magnetic field generating device including a core comprising: a) switching the switching device on; and b) applying a time-varying field with a maximal value of magnetic flux density derivative of at least 300 T/s to a muscle of the patient; wherein a diameter of the core is up to 80% of an outer diameter of the magnetic field generating device.
 2. The method of claim 1 wherein a winding area of the magnetic field generating device is in a range of 4 to 7900 cm2.
 3. The method of claim 1 wherein a gap between conductors of the magnetic field generating device is up to 50% of a difference between outer and inner radius of the magnetic field generating device.
 4. The method of claim 1 wherein a voltage drop in the energy storage device is lower than 40%.
 5. The method of claim 1 wherein an operating temperature is not higher than 48° C.
 6. The method of claim 1 wherein a conductor diameter of the magnetic field generating device is not higher than 10 mm.
 7. The method of claim 6 wherein an inductance of the magnetic field generating device is in a range of 50 nH to 1 mH.
 8. The method of claim 6 wherein the magnetic field generating device includes an insulated wire.
 9. An aesthetic method for treating a patient which increases strength of a muscle of the patient using a device including a connection to an energy source, a switching device, an energy storage device and a magnetic field generating device comprising: a) charging the energy storage device; b) switching the switching device on; c) discharging a current pulse of at least 500 A from the energy storage device to the magnetic field generating device; and d) applying a time-varying magnetic field to the muscle of the patient; wherein the magnetic field generating device includes a conductor diameter up to 10 mm, and wherein an inductance of the magnetic field generating device is in a range of 1 to 500 μH.
 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the energy storage device voltage is at least 500 V.
 11. The method of claim 9 wherein a capacitance of the energy storage device is in a range of 5 to 500 μF.
 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising applying the time-varying magnetic field to the patient with a treatment duty cycle up to 90%.
 13. The method of claim 9 wherein the magnetic field generating device includes an insulated wire.
 14. The method of claim 9 wherein the operating temperature of a casing is not higher than 56° C.
 15. The method of claim 9 wherein a voltage drop in the energy storage device is up to 40%.
 16. An aesthetic method for treating a patient which increases strength and volume of a muscle of the patient using a device including a connection to an energy source, a switching device and a magnetic field generating device comprising: a) switching the switching device on; b) generating magnetic pulses with a treatment duty cycle in a range of 10 to 75%; and c). applying a time-varying field to the muscle of the patient; wherein an inductance of the magnetic field generating device is in a range of 50 nH to 10 mH.
 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the magnetic field generating device includes an insulated wire.
 18. The method of claim 17 wherein a maximal value of magnetic flux density derivative is at least 2.5 kT/s.
 19. The method of claim 16 wherein a total coil surface is in a range of 5 to 8000 cm2.
 20. The method of claim 16 further comprising positioning the magnetic field generating device using a positioning member including at least two degrees of freedom.
 21. The method of claim 16 wherein an inner radius of the magnetic field generating device is in a range of 4 to 60% of an outer radius of the magnetic field generating device.
 22. The method of claim 16 further comprising repeating the method within two hours.
 23. An aesthetic method for treating a patient which increases strength and/or volume of a muscle of the patient and reduces adipose cells in number and/or volume using a device including a connection to an energy source, an energy storage device, a switching device and a magnetic field generating device comprising: a) generating a magnetic field using the magnetic field generating device; and b) applying a time-varying magnetic field to the patient; wherein the time-varying magnetic field is applied to at least one body region including at least one of thighs, saddlebags, buttocks, abdomen, hips, torso and/or arms of the patient; and wherein a voltage drop in the energy storage device is not higher than 40%.
 24. The method of claim 23 wherein the method further comprises discharging the energy storage device to the magnetic field generating device, and wherein a voltage value of the energy storage device is at least 500 V.
 25. The method of claim 23 further comprising applying a pressure to the patient wherein the pressure is in a range of 1 to 50 kPa.
 26. The method of claim 23 further comprising applying a pressure of positive peak value up to 15 MPa to the patient for at least 100 ns.
 27. The method of claim 23 further comprising applying acoustic energy to the patient wherein a frequency of the acoustic energy is in a range of 0.1 to 20 MHz.
 28. The method of claim 23 further comprising applying acoustic energy to the patient wherein a power density 0.1 to 500 W/cm2.
 29. The method of claim 23 wherein the magnetic field generating device includes a gap between windings up to 1% of a difference between outer and inner radius of the magnetic field generating device. 